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<p>Human immune responses vary across individuals due to both genetic and environmental factors. We previously established the Milieu Intérieur cohort to define boundaries of healthy immune variation and identify their determinants. To evaluate how immune responses change over time and test whether immune states can predict future disease, we conducted a 10-year follow-up of the cohort. Here we show widespread changes in humoral responses to pathogens over this period, including unexpected seroreversion of cytomegalovirus (CMV) status, despite a general age-related increase in CMV antibodies. We also investigated whether immune profiles at initial recruitment are associated with disease development a decade later. Strikingly, whole blood transcriptional responses to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> stimulation were predictive of subsequent infectious disease. Collectively, the Milieu Intérieur longitudinal study represents a valuable resource for evaluating immune aging and may help identify predictors of adverse health outcomes.</p>

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An integrative approach for studying immunological variation in an aging population – The Milieu Intérieur follow-up study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Anthony Jaquaniello,
  • Florian Dubois,
  • Farah Rahal,
  • Tom Dott,
  • Slobodan Culina,
  • Chloe Albert-Vega,
  • Mélanie Briard,
  • Vincent Rouilly,
  • Etienne Villain,
  • Violaine Saint-André,
  • Divya Unni,
  • Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin,
  • Emma Bloch,
  • Michael White,
  • Milena Hasan,
  • Lluis Quintana-Murci,
  • Etienne Patin,
  • Darragh Duffy,
  • Laurent Abel,
  • Andres Alcover,
  • Hugues Aschard,
  • Philippe Bousso,
  • Nollaig Bourke,
  • Petter Brodin,
  • Pierre Bruhns,
  • Nadine Cerf-Bensussan,
  • Ana Cumano,
  • Christophe D’Enfert,
  • Caroline Demangel,
  • Ludovic Deriano,
  • Marie-Agnès Dillies,
  • James Di Santo,
  • Gérard Eberl,
  • Jost Enninga,
  • Jacques Fellay,
  • Ivo Gomperts-Boneca,
  • Gunilla Karlsson Hedestam,
  • Serge Hercberg,
  • Molly A. Ingersoll,
  • Olivier Lantz,
  • Rose Anne Kenny,
  • Mickaël Ménager,
  • Frédérique Michel,
  • Hugo Mouquet,
  • Cliona O’Farrelly,
  • Antonio Rausell,
  • Frédéric Rieux-Laucat,
  • Lars Rogge,
  • Magnus Fontes,
  • Anavaj Sakuntabhai,
  • Olivier Schwartz,
  • Benno Schwikowski,
  • Spencer Shorte,
  • Frédéric Tangy,
  • Antoine Toubert,
  • Mathilde Touvier,
  • Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer,
  • Christophe Zimmer,
  • Matthew L. Albert

摘要

Human immune responses vary across individuals due to both genetic and environmental factors. We previously established the Milieu Intérieur cohort to define boundaries of healthy immune variation and identify their determinants. To evaluate how immune responses change over time and test whether immune states can predict future disease, we conducted a 10-year follow-up of the cohort. Here we show widespread changes in humoral responses to pathogens over this period, including unexpected seroreversion of cytomegalovirus (CMV) status, despite a general age-related increase in CMV antibodies. We also investigated whether immune profiles at initial recruitment are associated with disease development a decade later. Strikingly, whole blood transcriptional responses to Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans stimulation were predictive of subsequent infectious disease. Collectively, the Milieu Intérieur longitudinal study represents a valuable resource for evaluating immune aging and may help identify predictors of adverse health outcomes.