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<p>Relativistic jets from supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei are amongst the most powerful phenomena in the universe. Similar jets from stellar-mass black holes offer a chance to study the phenomena on accessible observation time scales. However, such comparative studies across black hole masses and time scales remain hampered by the long-standing perception that stellar-mass black hole jets are in a less relativistic regime. Here, we show the detection of two distinct, relativistic jet ejections from the Galactic black hole X-ray binary 4U 1543−47 during a single outburst, with radio interferometry monitoring observations. Our measurements reveal a likely Lorentz factor of approximately 8 and a minimum of 4.6 at launch with 95% confidence, demonstrating that stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries can launch jets as relativistic as those seen in active galactic nuclei.</p>

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Jets from a stellar-mass black hole are as relativistic as those from supermassive black holes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • X. Zhang,
  • W. Yu,
  • F. Carotenuto,
  • R. Fender,
  • S. Motta,
  • A. Bahramian,
  • J. C. A. Miller-Jones,
  • T. D. Russell,
  • S. Corbel,
  • P. A. Woudt,
  • P. Atri,
  • C. Knigge,
  • G. R. Sivakoff,
  • A. K. Hughes,
  • J. van den Eijnden,
  • J. H. Matthews,
  • M. C. Baglio,
  • P. Saikia

摘要

Relativistic jets from supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei are amongst the most powerful phenomena in the universe. Similar jets from stellar-mass black holes offer a chance to study the phenomena on accessible observation time scales. However, such comparative studies across black hole masses and time scales remain hampered by the long-standing perception that stellar-mass black hole jets are in a less relativistic regime. Here, we show the detection of two distinct, relativistic jet ejections from the Galactic black hole X-ray binary 4U 1543−47 during a single outburst, with radio interferometry monitoring observations. Our measurements reveal a likely Lorentz factor of approximately 8 and a minimum of 4.6 at launch with 95% confidence, demonstrating that stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries can launch jets as relativistic as those seen in active galactic nuclei.