<p>Despite recent advances, the fill factor (FF) of perovskite solar cells remains limited, largely owing to defect-related recombination. Paradoxically, most defect passivation approaches still depend on solvents, which deteriorate stability and pose challenges for large-scale fabrication. Here, we introduce a vapor-phase deposited from a liquid triethylammonium pentafluoropropionate (TEA-PFP) layer on top of perovskite. During deposition, TEA⁺ reacts with residual PbI<sub>2</sub> to generate a one-dimensional TEAPbI<sub>3</sub> interfacial phase, promoting continuous electronic coupling and facilitating charge extraction. Simultaneously, the Lewis-basic PFP<sup>–</sup> anion passivates under-coordinated Pb<sup>2+</sup> and suppresses vacancy formation, markedly reducing non-radiative recombination. The bulky TEA<sup>+</sup> and strongly dipolar PFP<sup>–</sup> groups anchor at surface Pb sites, forming a self-limited, surface-confined layer. As a result, we achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.71% (certified 26.15%) and a record FF = 89.13% for small area device, while attaining a PCE of 25.32% for 1 cm<sup>2</sup> device. Moreover, this strategy effectively mitigates Ag<sup>+</sup> diffusion during accelerated aging and preserves outstanding stability under combined thermal and humidity stress, providing a robust pathway to overcome the FF bottleneck in perovskite photovoltaics.</p>

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Liquid-derived, solvent-free vapor-mediated dimensional reconstruction yields a record fill factor in inverted perovskite solar cells

  • Yinjiang Liu,
  • Tengfei Kong,
  • Zihan Zhao,
  • Weiting Chen,
  • Qili Song,
  • Wenjie Liang,
  • Dongqin Bi

摘要

Despite recent advances, the fill factor (FF) of perovskite solar cells remains limited, largely owing to defect-related recombination. Paradoxically, most defect passivation approaches still depend on solvents, which deteriorate stability and pose challenges for large-scale fabrication. Here, we introduce a vapor-phase deposited from a liquid triethylammonium pentafluoropropionate (TEA-PFP) layer on top of perovskite. During deposition, TEA⁺ reacts with residual PbI2 to generate a one-dimensional TEAPbI3 interfacial phase, promoting continuous electronic coupling and facilitating charge extraction. Simultaneously, the Lewis-basic PFP anion passivates under-coordinated Pb2+ and suppresses vacancy formation, markedly reducing non-radiative recombination. The bulky TEA+ and strongly dipolar PFP groups anchor at surface Pb sites, forming a self-limited, surface-confined layer. As a result, we achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.71% (certified 26.15%) and a record FF = 89.13% for small area device, while attaining a PCE of 25.32% for 1 cm2 device. Moreover, this strategy effectively mitigates Ag+ diffusion during accelerated aging and preserves outstanding stability under combined thermal and humidity stress, providing a robust pathway to overcome the FF bottleneck in perovskite photovoltaics.