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<p>Scaling quantum computers remains a substantial scientific and technological challenge. Leveraging the full range of intrinsic degrees of freedom in quantum systems offers a promising route towards enhanced algorithmic performance and hardware efficiency. We experimentally study the use of <sup>137</sup>Ba<sup>+</sup> ions for quantum information processing, achieving high-fidelity state preparation and readout of up to 25 internal levels, thus forming a 25-dimensional trapped-ion qudit. By probing superpositions of up to 24 states, we investigate how errors scale with qudit dimension <i>d</i> and identify the primary error sources affecting quantum coherence. Additionally, we demonstrate high-dimensional qudit operations by implementing a 3-qubit Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm and a 4-qubit Toffoli gate with a single trapped-ion. Our findings suggest that quantum computing architectures based on large-dimensional qudits hold significant promise.</p>

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Quantum logic operations and algorithms in a single 25-level atomic qudit

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Pei Jiang Low,
  • Nicholas C. F. Zutt,
  • Gaurav A. Tathed,
  • Crystal Senko

摘要

Scaling quantum computers remains a substantial scientific and technological challenge. Leveraging the full range of intrinsic degrees of freedom in quantum systems offers a promising route towards enhanced algorithmic performance and hardware efficiency. We experimentally study the use of 137Ba+ ions for quantum information processing, achieving high-fidelity state preparation and readout of up to 25 internal levels, thus forming a 25-dimensional trapped-ion qudit. By probing superpositions of up to 24 states, we investigate how errors scale with qudit dimension d and identify the primary error sources affecting quantum coherence. Additionally, we demonstrate high-dimensional qudit operations by implementing a 3-qubit Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm and a 4-qubit Toffoli gate with a single trapped-ion. Our findings suggest that quantum computing architectures based on large-dimensional qudits hold significant promise.