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<p>Burst suppression is widely observed across cortical regions during reversible or pathological unconsciousness, yet its neuronal organization remains incompletely understood. Here we present an integrated Cortex-wide Optical-electrical Dual-modal Explorer (CODE) system to examine neuronal dynamics during burst suppression under isoflurane anesthesia in the mouse. We identified distinct cortex-wide neuronal ensembles that alternately associate with burst or suppression events, exhibiting dynamic neuronal recruitment and reactivation during anesthesia. Burst events were marked by highly synchronized neuronal activity early in the burst phase with high functional connectivity, whereas suppression events displayed more asynchronous, temporally distributed activity with reduced connectivity. Transitions between these states involved sequential, directionally organized propagation across cortical regions. ECoG bursts propagated from bilateral sensory cortices to motor areas within tens of milliseconds with increasing synchrony with calcium activity. Furthermore, we established a robust metric linking ECoG and calcium signals, revealing state-dependent interpretability. These findings reveal the single-neuron-to-population architecture of burst suppression and illustrate how integrated optical–electrical measurements enable high-resolution, large-scale interrogation of cortical dynamics.</p>

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Dynamic neuronal ensembles encode burst-suppression revealed by cortex-wide optical-electrical interfaces

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Guihua Xiao,
  • Mo Yang,
  • Lingbo Li,
  • Xintong Yao,
  • Jingyu Xie,
  • Xinyue Wang,
  • Jinyu Zang,
  • Yan Zhao,
  • Tianyi Fang,
  • Shuying Wu,
  • Wandi Qi,
  • Shipeng Lin,
  • Wenxi Sun,
  • Ting Lei,
  • Bo Hong,
  • Jiamin Wu,
  • Qionghai Dai,
  • Xiaochuan Dai

摘要

Burst suppression is widely observed across cortical regions during reversible or pathological unconsciousness, yet its neuronal organization remains incompletely understood. Here we present an integrated Cortex-wide Optical-electrical Dual-modal Explorer (CODE) system to examine neuronal dynamics during burst suppression under isoflurane anesthesia in the mouse. We identified distinct cortex-wide neuronal ensembles that alternately associate with burst or suppression events, exhibiting dynamic neuronal recruitment and reactivation during anesthesia. Burst events were marked by highly synchronized neuronal activity early in the burst phase with high functional connectivity, whereas suppression events displayed more asynchronous, temporally distributed activity with reduced connectivity. Transitions between these states involved sequential, directionally organized propagation across cortical regions. ECoG bursts propagated from bilateral sensory cortices to motor areas within tens of milliseconds with increasing synchrony with calcium activity. Furthermore, we established a robust metric linking ECoG and calcium signals, revealing state-dependent interpretability. These findings reveal the single-neuron-to-population architecture of burst suppression and illustrate how integrated optical–electrical measurements enable high-resolution, large-scale interrogation of cortical dynamics.