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<p>Gram-negative bacteria use a plethora of virulence factors to infect eukaryotic cells. CE-clan protease-related virulence factors were reported to act as deubiquitinases/ubiquitin-like specific proteases. Some have an additional acetyl-transferase activity. The molecular mechanisms underlying this dual activity and the physiological consequences are only marginally understood. Here, we report crystal structures for the <i>Simkania negevensis</i> virulence factor SnCE1 in apo-states and in complex with SUMO1. We confirm SnCE1 acting as an efficient deSUMOylase and discover an intrinsic autoacetyltransferase activity. Acetylation impairs SnCE1 tetramer formation structurally being incompatible with SUMO1 binding. We provide a model for regulation of SnCE1-mediated virulence by lysine acetylation modulating autoproteolytic processing and its subcellular distribution in the host cell. SnCE1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum in human cells and increases fragmentation of mitochondria. Our data provide mechanistic insights into how lysine acetylation of virulence factors is used to reprogram virulence adjusting it to the host cells’ metabolic state.</p>

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Reprogramming of bacterial virulence by lysine acetylation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Ole Schmöker,
  • Britta Girbardt,
  • Sabrina Schulze,
  • Gottfried J. Palm,
  • Leona Berndt,
  • Jens Hoppen,
  • Nilüfer Kara,
  • Xenia Schöps,
  • Ruba Al-Abdulla,
  • Klara Garz,
  • Heike Junker,
  • Sophie Wolfgramm,
  • Leif Steil,
  • Christian Hentschker,
  • Katrin Schoknecht,
  • Lea-Maria Mayer,
  • Leonie Speth,
  • Vanessa Lachmayer,
  • Mark Dörr,
  • Stefan Kemnitz,
  • Stefan Müller,
  • Jan-Wilm Lackmann,
  • Marcus Krüger,
  • Kay Hofmann,
  • Uwe T. Bornscheuer,
  • Uwe Völker,
  • Elke Krüger,
  • Vera Kozjak-Pavlovic,
  • Michael Lammers

摘要

Gram-negative bacteria use a plethora of virulence factors to infect eukaryotic cells. CE-clan protease-related virulence factors were reported to act as deubiquitinases/ubiquitin-like specific proteases. Some have an additional acetyl-transferase activity. The molecular mechanisms underlying this dual activity and the physiological consequences are only marginally understood. Here, we report crystal structures for the Simkania negevensis virulence factor SnCE1 in apo-states and in complex with SUMO1. We confirm SnCE1 acting as an efficient deSUMOylase and discover an intrinsic autoacetyltransferase activity. Acetylation impairs SnCE1 tetramer formation structurally being incompatible with SUMO1 binding. We provide a model for regulation of SnCE1-mediated virulence by lysine acetylation modulating autoproteolytic processing and its subcellular distribution in the host cell. SnCE1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum in human cells and increases fragmentation of mitochondria. Our data provide mechanistic insights into how lysine acetylation of virulence factors is used to reprogram virulence adjusting it to the host cells’ metabolic state.