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<p>We uncover a pronounced anisotropy in Majorana vortex topology arising from the interaction between vortex orientation and multiband topologies, exemplified by iron-based superconductors (FeSCs). This anisotropy manifests in two distinct vortex configurations: the <i>z</i>-vortex and <i>x</i>-vortex, oriented perpendicular and parallel to the Dirac axis (<i>z</i>-axis for FeSCs), respectively. The <i>x</i>-vortex exhibits a unique bifurcation, displaying two distinct topological phase diagrams. One is strikingly simple, comprising only trivial and topological superconducting phases, and remains resilient to multiband entanglement. The other mirrors the <i>z</i>-vortex’s complex diagram, featuring alternating trivial, topological crystalline, and topological superconducting phases. The former is exclusive to the <i>x</i>-vortex and supports unpaired Majorana vortices across a wide parameter range, even in the presence of normal-state Dirac nodes. Notably, uniaxial strain can modulate these <i>x</i>-vortex phases, enabling the <i>x</i>-vortex to support both stable Majorana vortices and rich exotic physics in a controllable manner. Moreover, we propose that the <i>x</i>-vortex offers promising advantages for developing Majorana nanowire devices in FeSCs. Our findings introduce a novel paradigm in vortex topology within multiband superconducting systems, highlighting the <i>x</i>-vortex as a promising platform for exploring Majorana physics and advancing FeSC quantum devices.</p>

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Multiband-driven anisotropic vortex topology in iron-based superconductors yielding a strain-tunable x-vortex Majorana platform

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Si-Qi Yu,
  • Wei Cheng,
  • Chuang Li,
  • Zi-Sheng Gong,
  • Zi-Yi Chen,
  • Xiao-Hong Pan,
  • Gang Xu,
  • Fu-Chun Zhang,
  • Xin Liu

摘要

We uncover a pronounced anisotropy in Majorana vortex topology arising from the interaction between vortex orientation and multiband topologies, exemplified by iron-based superconductors (FeSCs). This anisotropy manifests in two distinct vortex configurations: the z-vortex and x-vortex, oriented perpendicular and parallel to the Dirac axis (z-axis for FeSCs), respectively. The x-vortex exhibits a unique bifurcation, displaying two distinct topological phase diagrams. One is strikingly simple, comprising only trivial and topological superconducting phases, and remains resilient to multiband entanglement. The other mirrors the z-vortex’s complex diagram, featuring alternating trivial, topological crystalline, and topological superconducting phases. The former is exclusive to the x-vortex and supports unpaired Majorana vortices across a wide parameter range, even in the presence of normal-state Dirac nodes. Notably, uniaxial strain can modulate these x-vortex phases, enabling the x-vortex to support both stable Majorana vortices and rich exotic physics in a controllable manner. Moreover, we propose that the x-vortex offers promising advantages for developing Majorana nanowire devices in FeSCs. Our findings introduce a novel paradigm in vortex topology within multiband superconducting systems, highlighting the x-vortex as a promising platform for exploring Majorana physics and advancing FeSC quantum devices.