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<p>The human cortical functional hierarchy, spanning from primary sensorimotor to transmodal association regions, represents a fundamental principle of brain organisation. Here, we show lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association (S-A) gradient in the cortical functional hierarchy using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants aged 32 postmenstrual weeks to 80 years. We identify three critical neurodevelopmental milestones: initiation (third trimester to perinatal period), establishment (infancy to early childhood), and expansion-stabilisation (late childhood to adulthood). Pronounced gradient changes are predominantly observed during the first decade, with continued refinement extending into mid-adulthood. Spatiotemporally heterogeneous growth patterns in functional gradients align with evolutionary hierarchies, segregation–integration dynamics, structural maturation, and cognitive spectrum development, proceeding along a dominant S-A growth axis. These findings establish a unified neurodevelopmental framework that links connectome gradient dynamics to multifaceted functional and structural properties, advancing our understanding of cortical hierarchy maturation across the lifespan.</p>

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of the human cortical functional hierarchy across the lifespan

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Qiongling Li,
  • Xinyuan Liang,
  • Debin Zeng,
  • Tengda Zhao,
  • Xuhong Liao,
  • Gaolang Gong,
  • Qian Wang,
  • Chenxuan Pang,
  • Qian Yu,
  • Xiaoxi Dong,
  • Yirong He,
  • Yanchao Bi,
  • Pindong Chen,
  • Rui Chen,
  • Yuan Chen,
  • Taolin Chen,
  • Jingliang Cheng,
  • Yuqi Cheng,
  • Zaixu Cui,
  • Zhengjia Dai,
  • Yao Deng,
  • Yuyin Ding,
  • Qi Dong,
  • Dingna Duan,
  • Jia-Hong Gao,
  • Qiyong Gong,
  • Ying Han,
  • Zaizhu Han,
  • Chu-Chung Huang,
  • Ruiwang Huang,
  • Ran Huo,
  • Lingjiang Li,
  • Ching-Po Lin,
  • Qixiang Lin,
  • Bangshan Liu,
  • Chao Liu,
  • Ningyu Liu,
  • Ying Liu,
  • Yong Liu,
  • Jing Lu,
  • Leilei Ma,
  • Weiwei Men,
  • Shaozheng Qin,
  • Wen Qin,
  • Jiang Qiu,
  • Shijun Qiu,
  • Tianmei Si,
  • Shuping Tan,
  • Yanqing Tang,
  • Sha Tao,
  • Dawei Wang,
  • Fei Wang,
  • Jiali Wang,
  • Pan Wang,
  • Xiaoqin Wang,
  • Yanpei Wang,
  • Dongtao Wei,
  • Yankun Wu,
  • Peng Xie,
  • Xiufeng Xu,
  • Yuehua Xu,
  • Zhilei Xu,
  • Liyuan Yang,
  • Chunshui Yu,
  • Huishu Yuan,
  • Zilong Zeng,
  • Haibo Zhang,
  • Xi Zhang,
  • Gai Zhao,
  • Yanting Zheng,
  • Suyu Zhong,
  • Yuying Zhou,
  • Mingrui Xia,
  • Shuyu Li,
  • Yong He

摘要

The human cortical functional hierarchy, spanning from primary sensorimotor to transmodal association regions, represents a fundamental principle of brain organisation. Here, we show lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association (S-A) gradient in the cortical functional hierarchy using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants aged 32 postmenstrual weeks to 80 years. We identify three critical neurodevelopmental milestones: initiation (third trimester to perinatal period), establishment (infancy to early childhood), and expansion-stabilisation (late childhood to adulthood). Pronounced gradient changes are predominantly observed during the first decade, with continued refinement extending into mid-adulthood. Spatiotemporally heterogeneous growth patterns in functional gradients align with evolutionary hierarchies, segregation–integration dynamics, structural maturation, and cognitive spectrum development, proceeding along a dominant S-A growth axis. These findings establish a unified neurodevelopmental framework that links connectome gradient dynamics to multifaceted functional and structural properties, advancing our understanding of cortical hierarchy maturation across the lifespan.