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<p>Diatoms exhibit high competitive capacity in nitrogen assimilation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify a non-ribosomal peptide synthase-like gene (PtNRPS1) with an atypical domain structure (A-T-R<sub>1</sub>-R<sub>2</sub>) in the marine diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>, crucial for short-term nitrogen assimilation. In vitro enzyme assays show PtNRPS1 catalyzes conversion of L-tryptophan to tryptophanol, a tryptophan-derived indole compound that promotes diatom growth at concentrations far lower than indole-3-acetic acid. Transcriptomic, metabolomic analyses, and stable-isotope analyses indicate tryptophanol enhances short-term nitrogen assimilation. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of PtNRPS1 abolishes tryptophanol biosynthesis and reduces nitrogen-assimilation enzymes activities, which are restored by exogenous tryptophanol. PtNRPS1 overexpression results in delayed but sustained enzyme elevation. Global distribution of PtNRPS1 homologues in stramenopiles positively correlates with nitrogen-assimilation gene abundance. Our findings suggest tryptophanol, synthesized by a diatom NRPS, accelerates nitrogen assimilation, providing a competitive edge in oceanic nitrogen acquisition.</p>

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Tryptophanol enhances nitrogen assimilation in marine diatoms

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Dong-Sheng Zhao,
  • Shengqin Wang,
  • Yi-Cheng Xu,
  • Yu-Ting Chen,
  • Muhammad Ahsan Farooq,
  • Sue Lin,
  • Peng Cao,
  • Junliang Li,
  • Zhi-Wei Hu,
  • Nan Li,
  • Matteo Scarsini,
  • Chuanling Si,
  • Shu-Ming Li,
  • Xiufeng Yan,
  • Qiuying Pang,
  • Chris Bowler,
  • Hui-Xi Zou

摘要

Diatoms exhibit high competitive capacity in nitrogen assimilation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify a non-ribosomal peptide synthase-like gene (PtNRPS1) with an atypical domain structure (A-T-R1-R2) in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, crucial for short-term nitrogen assimilation. In vitro enzyme assays show PtNRPS1 catalyzes conversion of L-tryptophan to tryptophanol, a tryptophan-derived indole compound that promotes diatom growth at concentrations far lower than indole-3-acetic acid. Transcriptomic, metabolomic analyses, and stable-isotope analyses indicate tryptophanol enhances short-term nitrogen assimilation. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of PtNRPS1 abolishes tryptophanol biosynthesis and reduces nitrogen-assimilation enzymes activities, which are restored by exogenous tryptophanol. PtNRPS1 overexpression results in delayed but sustained enzyme elevation. Global distribution of PtNRPS1 homologues in stramenopiles positively correlates with nitrogen-assimilation gene abundance. Our findings suggest tryptophanol, synthesized by a diatom NRPS, accelerates nitrogen assimilation, providing a competitive edge in oceanic nitrogen acquisition.