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<p>Plasmons in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted significant attention due to their strong spatial confinement and high-quality factors. However, constrained by CNTs’ intrinsic electronic characteristics, modulation of their plasmon dispersion relations remains a significant challenge. Here, we report frequency-dependent topological polaritons arising from the coupling between hyperbolic plasmons and phonon polaritons in CNT-array/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterostructures. In particular, we achieved a controllable topological transition of the polariton wavefront from hyperbolic to elliptical. Moreover, we demonstrated a whispering-gallery polaritonic mode confined in closed-loop CNT array on hBN. Our findings provide fundamental insights into optical topological transitions in low-dimensional heterostructures, and a promising route to manipulate light propagation and energy transfer at the nanoscale.</p>

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Frequency-dependent topological polaritons in carbon nanotube array/hBN heterostructures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Yufeng Xie,
  • Kaijun Feng,
  • Zhichun Zhang,
  • Saiqun Ma,
  • Zhenghan Wu,
  • Yi Chen,
  • Chengjia Zhang,
  • Liguo Wang,
  • Kenji Watanabe,
  • Takashi Taniguchi,
  • Qi Liang,
  • Xiangdong Guo,
  • Qing Dai,
  • Zhiwen Shi

摘要

Plasmons in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted significant attention due to their strong spatial confinement and high-quality factors. However, constrained by CNTs’ intrinsic electronic characteristics, modulation of their plasmon dispersion relations remains a significant challenge. Here, we report frequency-dependent topological polaritons arising from the coupling between hyperbolic plasmons and phonon polaritons in CNT-array/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterostructures. In particular, we achieved a controllable topological transition of the polariton wavefront from hyperbolic to elliptical. Moreover, we demonstrated a whispering-gallery polaritonic mode confined in closed-loop CNT array on hBN. Our findings provide fundamental insights into optical topological transitions in low-dimensional heterostructures, and a promising route to manipulate light propagation and energy transfer at the nanoscale.