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<p>Downward solar evaporation with multistage configurations is a promising off-grid solution for high-efficiency potable water production. However, a major, yet often overlooked, barrier to practical application is the significant, unquantified performance gap between laboratory benchmarks and field operation, arising from the complex environmental factors. To diagnose this gap, this work first introduces the Environmental Robustness Index (ERI), the ratio of field-to-lab normalized water productivity (<i>P’</i>), as an essential metric. A comprehensive framework is then developed to precisely quantify the effect of key environmental factors, including wind, sky cooling, and ambient temperature, on the ERI. Guided by the framework, we present the spectrally selective air lock strategy as a universal principle to suppress environmental heat losses and improve ERIs. Implementing this strategy significantly enhances downward solar evaporator’s ERIs from 0.55 to 0.98, effectively closing the gap. This study establishes a framework for solar evaporation to move beyond reporting <i>P’</i><sub>lab</sub> alone and utilize (<i>P’</i><sub>lab</sub>, ERI) as the dual metrics for advancing real-world applicability.</p>

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Engineering high environmental robustness in solar evaporation to bridge the lab-to-field performance gap

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Chang-ting Wang,
  • Canjie Lin,
  • Kai Xu,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Zhongtao Lao,
  • Jianping Cao,
  • Bei Liu,
  • Amal Baqais,
  • Khaled Bin Bandar,
  • Saud Aldrees,
  • Mohammed A. Alhussaini,
  • Shao-Yuan Leu,
  • Noreddine Ghaffour,
  • Qiaoqiang Gan,
  • Wenbin Wang,
  • Peng Wang

摘要

Downward solar evaporation with multistage configurations is a promising off-grid solution for high-efficiency potable water production. However, a major, yet often overlooked, barrier to practical application is the significant, unquantified performance gap between laboratory benchmarks and field operation, arising from the complex environmental factors. To diagnose this gap, this work first introduces the Environmental Robustness Index (ERI), the ratio of field-to-lab normalized water productivity (P’), as an essential metric. A comprehensive framework is then developed to precisely quantify the effect of key environmental factors, including wind, sky cooling, and ambient temperature, on the ERI. Guided by the framework, we present the spectrally selective air lock strategy as a universal principle to suppress environmental heat losses and improve ERIs. Implementing this strategy significantly enhances downward solar evaporator’s ERIs from 0.55 to 0.98, effectively closing the gap. This study establishes a framework for solar evaporation to move beyond reporting P’lab alone and utilize (P’lab, ERI) as the dual metrics for advancing real-world applicability.