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<p>The realization of multi-energy water oxidation systems is impeded by the challenge of integrating multiple energy inputs. Here, we overcome this limitation via ultrasonic pre-treatment of the electrolyte, which triggers a mechano-electrochemical coupling effect through piezoelectric polarization. This process promotes a Grotthuss-type OH<sup>−</sup> state that weakens O-H bonds and increases the interfacial OH<sup>−</sup> concentration, thereby influencing the electrochemical reconstruction of Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> to NiOOH and modifying water electrolysis pathways. These changes enhance Ni-O covalency and synergistically activate two low-energy water oxidation pathways on NiOOH involving lattice oxygen: one couples lattice oxygen with adsorbed oxygen, while the other facilitates direct lattice oxygen-oxygen coupling. Both routes bypass the high-energy <sup>*</sup>OOH intermediate typical of the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism (<sup>*</sup>OH → <sup>*</sup>O → <sup>*</sup>OOH → O<sub>2</sub>), with the latter also avoiding <sup>*</sup>O adsorption entirely. Notably, just one minute of ultrasonic stimulation reduces the overpotential by 222 mV at 100 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>. This pulsed-energy strategy thus offers an efficient and scalable approach to realizing multi-energy-enhanced water splitting.</p>

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Piezoelectric activation of dual lattice-oxygen mechanism through OH− Grotthuss transport in water electrolysis‏

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Yang Li,
  • Shuijing Wang,
  • Mingyue Yuan,
  • Yu Du,
  • Yingying Cai,
  • Tangying Miao,
  • Jiahui Kou,
  • Shicheng Yan,
  • Chunhua Lu

摘要

The realization of multi-energy water oxidation systems is impeded by the challenge of integrating multiple energy inputs. Here, we overcome this limitation via ultrasonic pre-treatment of the electrolyte, which triggers a mechano-electrochemical coupling effect through piezoelectric polarization. This process promotes a Grotthuss-type OH− state that weakens O-H bonds and increases the interfacial OH− concentration, thereby influencing the electrochemical reconstruction of Ni(OH)2 to NiOOH and modifying water electrolysis pathways. These changes enhance Ni-O covalency and synergistically activate two low-energy water oxidation pathways on NiOOH involving lattice oxygen: one couples lattice oxygen with adsorbed oxygen, while the other facilitates direct lattice oxygen-oxygen coupling. Both routes bypass the high-energy *OOH intermediate typical of the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism (*OH → *O → *OOH → O2), with the latter also avoiding *O adsorption entirely. Notably, just one minute of ultrasonic stimulation reduces the overpotential by 222 mV at 100 mA cm-2. This pulsed-energy strategy thus offers an efficient and scalable approach to realizing multi-energy-enhanced water splitting.