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<p>Integrating the diagnostic and therapeutic functions of drugs poses challenges due to specific structural design requirements. However, the trial-and-error dilemma in performance-driven structural evolution of nanomaterials is unsatisfactory. Here, we propose a strategy using graphene quantum dots with <i>sp</i><sup>2</sup>–<i>sp</i><sup>3</sup> hybridized carbon frameworks for visualized, intelligent targeted clearance of metabolically reprogrammed senescent cells. We establish a structure-activity relationship between the complex nanostructures and photochemical reactivity. We show that property descriptor-based machine learning promotes the evolution of carbon nanostructures, endowing them with exceptionally high photodynamic efficiency. These machine-learning results also guide the design of carbon-based photo/electrocatalytic structures. By examining the interfacial transport properties of in situ carbon nanostructures in excited states, we identify changes in fluorescence and photodynamic activity of C<sub>3</sub>N quantum dots within metabolically reprogrammed cellular microenvironments. This allows fluorescence detection technology for senescent cells based on C<sub>3</sub>N quantum dots and an intelligent targeted clearance treatment plan.</p>

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Structural evolution of carbon frameworks realizes in vitro interfacial transport in metabolically reprogrammed senescent cells for senolysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Xuelian Wang,
  • Hanyu Ma,
  • Yongqiang Li,
  • Liangfeng Chen,
  • Caichao Ye,
  • Yuhao Zhao,
  • Hang Wang,
  • Wanting Fu,
  • Chen Yu,
  • Fei Wang,
  • Siwei Yang,
  • Yuli Kang,
  • Guqiao Ding,
  • Zhen Li

摘要

Integrating the diagnostic and therapeutic functions of drugs poses challenges due to specific structural design requirements. However, the trial-and-error dilemma in performance-driven structural evolution of nanomaterials is unsatisfactory. Here, we propose a strategy using graphene quantum dots with sp2–sp3 hybridized carbon frameworks for visualized, intelligent targeted clearance of metabolically reprogrammed senescent cells. We establish a structure-activity relationship between the complex nanostructures and photochemical reactivity. We show that property descriptor-based machine learning promotes the evolution of carbon nanostructures, endowing them with exceptionally high photodynamic efficiency. These machine-learning results also guide the design of carbon-based photo/electrocatalytic structures. By examining the interfacial transport properties of in situ carbon nanostructures in excited states, we identify changes in fluorescence and photodynamic activity of C3N quantum dots within metabolically reprogrammed cellular microenvironments. This allows fluorescence detection technology for senescent cells based on C3N quantum dots and an intelligent targeted clearance treatment plan.