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<p>Anisotropic materials with intrinsic one-dimensional architectures, where chains or tubes align along a crystallographic axis, exhibit direction-dependent optical responses and serve as ideal building blocks for polarization-sensitive optoelectronics. While progress exists in engineered compounds, discovering elemental crystals with naturally ordered one-dimensional building blocks exhibiting giant optical anisotropy remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis of a direct-bandgap semiconducting one-dimensional phosphorus single crystal composed of unique wavy polygonal tubes. The monoclinic lattice structure is revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and advanced transmission electron microscopy. The crystal exhibits giant birefringence in the visible and near-infrared regions, stemming from electron localization and anisotropic transitions of the phosphorus 3<i>p</i> orbital along the tube axis. The low-symmetry structure endows remarkable linear and nonlinear optical anisotropies, including orientation-dependent photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and second-harmonic generation. This study establishes a paradigm for designing giant optical anisotropies, opening avenues for on-chip polarization devices and nonlinear photonic circuits.</p>

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Strong optical anisotropy in one-dimensional phosphorus wavy tubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Shuai Zhang,
  • Zhaolong Liu,
  • Tongtong Jiang,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Jiahui Wang,
  • Han Wang,
  • Minqiang Fan,
  • Li Yang,
  • Yang Li,
  • Liping Ding,
  • Ying Yu,
  • Xiaodong Hao,
  • Shufang Ma,
  • Bingshe Xu,
  • Xiaolong Chen,
  • Cong Ye,
  • Xianfeng Chen,
  • Paul K. Chu,
  • Shifeng Jin,
  • Feng Ding,
  • Xue-Feng Yu,
  • Zhipei Sun,
  • Jiahong Wang

摘要

Anisotropic materials with intrinsic one-dimensional architectures, where chains or tubes align along a crystallographic axis, exhibit direction-dependent optical responses and serve as ideal building blocks for polarization-sensitive optoelectronics. While progress exists in engineered compounds, discovering elemental crystals with naturally ordered one-dimensional building blocks exhibiting giant optical anisotropy remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis of a direct-bandgap semiconducting one-dimensional phosphorus single crystal composed of unique wavy polygonal tubes. The monoclinic lattice structure is revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and advanced transmission electron microscopy. The crystal exhibits giant birefringence in the visible and near-infrared regions, stemming from electron localization and anisotropic transitions of the phosphorus 3p orbital along the tube axis. The low-symmetry structure endows remarkable linear and nonlinear optical anisotropies, including orientation-dependent photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and second-harmonic generation. This study establishes a paradigm for designing giant optical anisotropies, opening avenues for on-chip polarization devices and nonlinear photonic circuits.