<p>The high cost and detrimental self-aggregation of conventional single-component fullerenes such as C<sub>60</sub> and PCBM constitute a major obstacle to the commercialization of inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). We report a kilogram-scale, one-pot synthesis of a multi-component fullerene composite (FC), comprising C<sub>60</sub>, a bis((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl) malonate-C<sub>60</sub> mono-adduct (BCM), and its bis-adduct (BCB). FC is obtained in 96% yields without complex column chromatography, significantly reducing production costs. Upon thermal annealing, BCM and BCB undergo cross-linking to form a robust encapsulation network that homogeneously incorporates C<sub>60</sub>, enhancing film stability and electron mobility. IPSCs incorporating cross-linked fullerene composite (CFC) demonstrate an impressive efficiency of 26.55%, surpassing that of PCBM-based devices (24.82%). Additionally, CFC-based devices maintain 96.0% and 95.1% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours under ISOS-L-1 and ISOS-D-2 protocols, respectively. Notably, CFC demonstrates excellent performance across a range of device configurations, including wide-bandgap (1.68 eV and 1.77 eV) cells, large-area devices (1 cm<sup>2</sup>), and mini-modules (14.4 cm<sup>2</sup>).</p>

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Kilogram-scale one-pot synthesis of multicomponent fullerene composites for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

  • Enlong Hou,
  • Shuo Cheng,
  • Song Kong,
  • Yujue Qiu,
  • Jingfu Chen,
  • Xingyu Chen,
  • Shanshan Chen,
  • Yiming Xing,
  • Jinxin Yang,
  • Liqiang Xie,
  • Xinjing Zhao,
  • Tongle Bu,
  • Zhanhua Wei,
  • Chengbo Tian

摘要

The high cost and detrimental self-aggregation of conventional single-component fullerenes such as C60 and PCBM constitute a major obstacle to the commercialization of inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). We report a kilogram-scale, one-pot synthesis of a multi-component fullerene composite (FC), comprising C60, a bis((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl) malonate-C60 mono-adduct (BCM), and its bis-adduct (BCB). FC is obtained in 96% yields without complex column chromatography, significantly reducing production costs. Upon thermal annealing, BCM and BCB undergo cross-linking to form a robust encapsulation network that homogeneously incorporates C60, enhancing film stability and electron mobility. IPSCs incorporating cross-linked fullerene composite (CFC) demonstrate an impressive efficiency of 26.55%, surpassing that of PCBM-based devices (24.82%). Additionally, CFC-based devices maintain 96.0% and 95.1% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours under ISOS-L-1 and ISOS-D-2 protocols, respectively. Notably, CFC demonstrates excellent performance across a range of device configurations, including wide-bandgap (1.68 eV and 1.77 eV) cells, large-area devices (1 cm2), and mini-modules (14.4 cm2).