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<p>Mammals can now be cloned artificially, but it remains unknown whether they can also maintain their species through cloning. Herein, we continued serial cloning for 20 years from a single donor mouse. These re-cloned mice appeared normal and had normal lifespans, but large structural and lethal mutations accumulated in their DNA with each generation. The birth rate of serial cloning began to decline from the 27th generation, and the 58th generation was the last. When re-cloned mice from near the final generation were mated with males, their oocytes could be fertilized, but most embryos degenerated. However, a few embryos were normalized by meiosis and fertilization and developed to full term, suggesting that mammals rely on sexual rather than asexual reproduction to eliminate genetic anomalies caused by clonal reproduction.</p>

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Limitations of serial cloning in mammals

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Sayaka Wakayama,
  • Daiyu Ito,
  • Rei Inoue,
  • Masatoshi Ooga,
  • Masaaki Toshishige,
  • Yasunari Satoh,
  • Hirosuke Shiura,
  • Takashi Kohda,
  • Arikuni Uchimura,
  • Teruhiko Wakayama

摘要

Mammals can now be cloned artificially, but it remains unknown whether they can also maintain their species through cloning. Herein, we continued serial cloning for 20 years from a single donor mouse. These re-cloned mice appeared normal and had normal lifespans, but large structural and lethal mutations accumulated in their DNA with each generation. The birth rate of serial cloning began to decline from the 27th generation, and the 58th generation was the last. When re-cloned mice from near the final generation were mated with males, their oocytes could be fertilized, but most embryos degenerated. However, a few embryos were normalized by meiosis and fertilization and developed to full term, suggesting that mammals rely on sexual rather than asexual reproduction to eliminate genetic anomalies caused by clonal reproduction.