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<p>Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) is a promising application for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs). However, conventional ultra-thin (&lt;80 nm) active layers for ST-OSCs, while balancing transmittance and efficiency, limit the cell-to-module efficiency remaining ratio (CTM) below 56%. Here, we achieve high semitransparency and efficiency in ST-OSCs with reasonable active layer thickness by manipulating the aggregation of acceptors in various donor-diluted blends processed with non-halogen solvent in ambient air. Using PM6:Qx-p-4Cl as a model system, we elucidate a unique film-formation mechanism and charge generation process, demonstrating that the fiber network and suitable aggregation size are crucial for ensuring higher performance in donor-diluted ST-OSCs. The 1 cm<sup>2</sup> donor-diluted ST-OSCs with active layer thicknesses of 119 and 301 nm exhibit high light utilization efficiencies (LUEs) of 4.04% and 3.02%, respectively. Notably, a 100 cm<sup>2</sup> module demonstrates a CTM ratio of ~85% and a LUE of 3.32%, owing to its high film thickness tolerance, setting a new benchmark for large-area semitransparent modules. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of BIPVs in terms of power generation, energy storage, and temperature control through a scale-down model with a 600 cm<sup>2</sup> power-generating window. These results reveal promising prospects for ST-OSCs in real-world applications.</p>

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Scalable semitransparent organic solar cells with robust film thickness tolerance for building-integrated photovoltaics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Tong Wang,
  • Jin Fang,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Chenyang Tian,
  • Yuhan Wang,
  • Zhen Fu,
  • Wenjun Zou,
  • Dan Deng,
  • Xiaotao Hao,
  • Chang He,
  • Jianqi Zhang,
  • Zhixiang Wei

摘要

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) is a promising application for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs). However, conventional ultra-thin (<80 nm) active layers for ST-OSCs, while balancing transmittance and efficiency, limit the cell-to-module efficiency remaining ratio (CTM) below 56%. Here, we achieve high semitransparency and efficiency in ST-OSCs with reasonable active layer thickness by manipulating the aggregation of acceptors in various donor-diluted blends processed with non-halogen solvent in ambient air. Using PM6:Qx-p-4Cl as a model system, we elucidate a unique film-formation mechanism and charge generation process, demonstrating that the fiber network and suitable aggregation size are crucial for ensuring higher performance in donor-diluted ST-OSCs. The 1 cm2 donor-diluted ST-OSCs with active layer thicknesses of 119 and 301 nm exhibit high light utilization efficiencies (LUEs) of 4.04% and 3.02%, respectively. Notably, a 100 cm2 module demonstrates a CTM ratio of ~85% and a LUE of 3.32%, owing to its high film thickness tolerance, setting a new benchmark for large-area semitransparent modules. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of BIPVs in terms of power generation, energy storage, and temperature control through a scale-down model with a 600 cm2 power-generating window. These results reveal promising prospects for ST-OSCs in real-world applications.