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<p>Wheat stem rust is a disease of global importance caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Pgt</i>). Here we generate chromosome-level, nuclear-phased genome references for <i>Pgt</i> isolates ETH2013-1 and ITA2018-1, representing races TKTTF and TTRTF respectively, that have caused major epidemics in Africa and Europe. The nuclear haplotypes of ETH2013-1 and ITA2018-1 are unique and unrelated to those of Ug99 and Pgt21. <i>Pgt</i> nuclear haplotypes show extensive variation in sequence and copy number of six known <i>Avr</i> genes and <i>AvrSr33</i>, which we identify through an effector gene library screen. Recognition properties of 22 novel <i>Avr</i> gene variants explain the race virulence phenotypes and the outbreak of TTRTF on durum cultivars containing <i>Sr13b</i>, since ITA2018-1 carries a homozygous deletion of <i>AvrSr13</i>. This work establishes an <i>Avr</i> gene atlas for <i>Pgt</i> that can inform wheat breeding and enable development of sequence-based virulence diagnostic tools for pathogen surveillance.</p>

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Allelic variation of Avr genes in highly virulent strains explains severe wheat stem rust epidemics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Rebecca E. Spanner,
  • Eva C. Henningsen,
  • Camilla Langlands-Perry,
  • Jian Chen,
  • Jibril Lubega,
  • Oadi Matny,
  • David Lewis,
  • Li Chen Cheah,
  • Zhouyang Su,
  • Alexis Feist,
  • Eric S. Nazareno,
  • Feng Li,
  • Megan A. Outram,
  • Taj Arndell,
  • Thomas Vanhercke,
  • Nino Virzì,
  • Ming Luo,
  • Michael Ayliffe,
  • Eric Stone,
  • Kostya Kanyuka,
  • Jana Sperschneider,
  • Peter N. Dodds,
  • Brian J. Steffenson,
  • Melania Figueroa

摘要

Wheat stem rust is a disease of global importance caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt). Here we generate chromosome-level, nuclear-phased genome references for Pgt isolates ETH2013-1 and ITA2018-1, representing races TKTTF and TTRTF respectively, that have caused major epidemics in Africa and Europe. The nuclear haplotypes of ETH2013-1 and ITA2018-1 are unique and unrelated to those of Ug99 and Pgt21. Pgt nuclear haplotypes show extensive variation in sequence and copy number of six known Avr genes and AvrSr33, which we identify through an effector gene library screen. Recognition properties of 22 novel Avr gene variants explain the race virulence phenotypes and the outbreak of TTRTF on durum cultivars containing Sr13b, since ITA2018-1 carries a homozygous deletion of AvrSr13. This work establishes an Avr gene atlas for Pgt that can inform wheat breeding and enable development of sequence-based virulence diagnostic tools for pathogen surveillance.