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<p>Interfacial adhesion between the sensing layer and supporting substrate critically governs the long-term stability of electrical molecular sensors. However, achieving a robust heterointerface remains challenging due to the intrinsic lattice mismatch induces localized stress, which is further exacerbated by cyclic interactions between the sensing film and gas analytes. Here, we introduce a floating-structure palladium hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) sensor enabled by interfacial stress decoupling through a dithiol-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This interfacial layer acts as a molecular bridge between the palladium sensing layer and the substrate electrode, forming a dual-interface architecture that simultaneously mitigates the interfacial stress and suppresses the substrate clamping effects, thereby accelerating H<sub>2</sub> absorption kinetics. The resulting sensor demonstrates a stable and cyclable H<sub>2</sub> detection at concentrations up to 4 vol%, and an ultrasensitive detection limit of 1 ppm at room temperature. Moreover, we realize wafer-scale fabrication and integration of the sensor into a portable platform for real-time hydrogen leak detection. This interfacial stress-engineering approach provides a general route toward durable and high-performance molecular sensor.</p>

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Interfacial stress decoupling enables stable palladium-based hydrogen sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Rui Gao,
  • Guozhu Zhang,
  • Xiaoyuan Wang,
  • Yujing Xu,
  • Chao Zhang,
  • Linfeng Li,
  • Zeyu Wang,
  • Bowei Zhang,
  • Kazuki Nagashima,
  • Takeshi Yanagida,
  • Fu-Zhen Xuan

摘要

Interfacial adhesion between the sensing layer and supporting substrate critically governs the long-term stability of electrical molecular sensors. However, achieving a robust heterointerface remains challenging due to the intrinsic lattice mismatch induces localized stress, which is further exacerbated by cyclic interactions between the sensing film and gas analytes. Here, we introduce a floating-structure palladium hydrogen (H2) sensor enabled by interfacial stress decoupling through a dithiol-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This interfacial layer acts as a molecular bridge between the palladium sensing layer and the substrate electrode, forming a dual-interface architecture that simultaneously mitigates the interfacial stress and suppresses the substrate clamping effects, thereby accelerating H2 absorption kinetics. The resulting sensor demonstrates a stable and cyclable H2 detection at concentrations up to 4 vol%, and an ultrasensitive detection limit of 1 ppm at room temperature. Moreover, we realize wafer-scale fabrication and integration of the sensor into a portable platform for real-time hydrogen leak detection. This interfacial stress-engineering approach provides a general route toward durable and high-performance molecular sensor.