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<p>Solar energetic events can have considerable effects on planetary ionospheres. However, the erratic nature of these solar energetic events make observations difficult. Here we show a mutual radio occultation observation, which serendipitously occurred just 10 minutes after a large solar flare impacted Mars. This resulted in the largest lower ionospheric layer ever recorded, where it was 278% its typical size. We used in-situ soft x-ray irradiance measurements to show a threefold increase in flux. This infers a different relation of soft X-ray to this layer’s density than previously thought, with variations depending on the amount of spectrum ‘hardening’ leading to the increase of ionisation from secondaries.</p>

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Martian ionospheric response during the May 2024 solar superstorm

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Jacob Parrott,
  • Beatriz Sánchez-Cano,
  • Håkan Svedhem,
  • Olivier Witasse,
  • Dikshita Meggi,
  • Colin Wilson,
  • Alejandro Cardesín-Moinelo,
  • Ingo Müller-Wodarg

摘要

Solar energetic events can have considerable effects on planetary ionospheres. However, the erratic nature of these solar energetic events make observations difficult. Here we show a mutual radio occultation observation, which serendipitously occurred just 10 minutes after a large solar flare impacted Mars. This resulted in the largest lower ionospheric layer ever recorded, where it was 278% its typical size. We used in-situ soft x-ray irradiance measurements to show a threefold increase in flux. This infers a different relation of soft X-ray to this layer’s density than previously thought, with variations depending on the amount of spectrum ‘hardening’ leading to the increase of ionisation from secondaries.