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<p>Efficient water uptake and transport through xylem vessels are essential for plant growth and development. The patterned secondary cell wall (SCW) structure of xylem vessels provides robust mechanical support to withstand the strong negative pressure generated by transpiration and facilitates long-distance water transport. However, the key factors governing SCW patterning in xylem vessels and their potential for enhancing water use efficiency (WUE) remain undetermined. Here, we report the identification of a recessive maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) mutant <i>drought-sensitive 1</i> (<i>ds1</i>), which is highly susceptible to water deficit. <i>ds1</i> defects in SCW patterning and xylem vessel differentiation, and exhibits significantly reduced hydraulic conductivity. <i>DS1</i> is the ortholog of Arabidopsis <i>Exo70A1</i> and is regulated by the NAC transcription factor NECROTIC UPPER TIPS1 (NUT1) in vascular tissues. Overexpressing <i>Exo70A1</i> enhanced hydraulic conductivity and consequently boosted biomass and grain yield under both well-watered and drought conditions. Thus, the NUT1–Exo70A1 module represents a promising genetic target for improving WUE in crops.</p>

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NUT1-Exo70A1 Regulates Xylem Vessel Development and Influences Water Use Efficiency in Maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Tengfei Zhu,
  • Yanyan Wang,
  • Yijie Wang,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Jiafan He,
  • Bochen Zhao,
  • Shengxue Liu,
  • Yongyan Lian,
  • Liuji Wu,
  • Jinkui Cheng,
  • Zhirui Yang,
  • Feng Qin

摘要

Efficient water uptake and transport through xylem vessels are essential for plant growth and development. The patterned secondary cell wall (SCW) structure of xylem vessels provides robust mechanical support to withstand the strong negative pressure generated by transpiration and facilitates long-distance water transport. However, the key factors governing SCW patterning in xylem vessels and their potential for enhancing water use efficiency (WUE) remain undetermined. Here, we report the identification of a recessive maize (Zea mays) mutant drought-sensitive 1 (ds1), which is highly susceptible to water deficit. ds1 defects in SCW patterning and xylem vessel differentiation, and exhibits significantly reduced hydraulic conductivity. DS1 is the ortholog of Arabidopsis Exo70A1 and is regulated by the NAC transcription factor NECROTIC UPPER TIPS1 (NUT1) in vascular tissues. Overexpressing Exo70A1 enhanced hydraulic conductivity and consequently boosted biomass and grain yield under both well-watered and drought conditions. Thus, the NUT1–Exo70A1 module represents a promising genetic target for improving WUE in crops.