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<p>Hybrid rice has achieved a significant leap in rice yield, but the low outcrossing rate of sterile lines limits hybrid seed production due to rice’s self-pollinating habits, constraining the further development and widespread adoption of hybrid rice. Stigma exsertion is a critical trait affecting outcrossing rate. Here we characterize a rice mutant, <i>high exsertion rate1</i> (<i>her1</i>), characterized by enlarged stigma and enhanced stigma exsertion. <i>HER1</i> encodes a SET domain-containing protein that binds to histone H3 at methylated lysine 9 and regulates H3K9me2 levels. Loss of function of <i>HER1</i> results in reduced H3K9me2 levels in <i>her1</i>, increasing the transcription of <i>Downstream2</i> (<i>DS2</i>), which positively controls stigma size. Using the loss-of-function allele of <i>her1</i>, we develop a high-exsertion male-sterile line <i>herA</i>, which increases hybrid seed production by more than 20% in field conditions, substantiating the breeding value of <i>HER1</i> in hybrid seed production.</p>

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Mutation in HER1 enhances stigma exsertion and hybrid seed production in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • Daiming Guo,
  • Kangxi Du,
  • Peizhou Xu,
  • Su Liu,
  • Mengyuan Li,
  • Jiazhi Dong,
  • Jingcheng Zhao,
  • Mingming Zhang,
  • Gege Zhou,
  • Yong Li,
  • Xinmiao Yuan,
  • Fangli Jin,
  • Zhixue Zhao,
  • Shicong Yu,
  • Duo Xia,
  • Hongyu Zhang,
  • Xiaoqiong Chen,
  • Ming Luo,
  • Asif Ali,
  • Yunfeng Tian,
  • Hao Zhou,
  • Xianjun Wu,
  • Yongxiang Liao

摘要

Hybrid rice has achieved a significant leap in rice yield, but the low outcrossing rate of sterile lines limits hybrid seed production due to rice’s self-pollinating habits, constraining the further development and widespread adoption of hybrid rice. Stigma exsertion is a critical trait affecting outcrossing rate. Here we characterize a rice mutant, high exsertion rate1 (her1), characterized by enlarged stigma and enhanced stigma exsertion. HER1 encodes a SET domain-containing protein that binds to histone H3 at methylated lysine 9 and regulates H3K9me2 levels. Loss of function of HER1 results in reduced H3K9me2 levels in her1, increasing the transcription of Downstream2 (DS2), which positively controls stigma size. Using the loss-of-function allele of her1, we develop a high-exsertion male-sterile line herA, which increases hybrid seed production by more than 20% in field conditions, substantiating the breeding value of HER1 in hybrid seed production.