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<p>Solid additives (SAs) improve organic solar cells (OSCs) morphology and performance, yet, their efficiency in all-small-molecule (ASM) OSCs is limited by strong donor-acceptor crystallinity, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, structurally resembling the MPhS-C2 donor, 3-allylrhodanine (3-AR) as a SA enables precise control over the active layer morphology. Interesting, combined theoretical calculations and thin-film morphology analyses reveal 3-AR preferentially interacts with acceptor N3, thereby directing morphology evolution. Moreover, 3-AR effectively narrows the film formation window, suppressing lateral over-aggregation and crystallization, while promoting vertical donor–acceptor homogeneity. This optimized morphology synergistically facilitates efficient charge dissociation and collection, suppresses both bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination, and extends the lifetimes of excitons and charge carriers. Therefore, the 3-AR-treated MPhS-C2:N3 device achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.43% (certified 18.16%)—the highest reported for binary ASM-OSCs. This work shows additive efficacy is governed by balanced selective interactions, not by simplistic structural similarity.</p>

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Allylrhodanine-processed all-small-molecule organic solar cell achieves an 18.43% efficiency breakthrough

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Duoling Cao,
  • Lian Zhong,
  • Zhe Sun,
  • Jintong Sun,
  • Huyen Thi Le Mai,
  • Jinyuan Zhang,
  • Jingjing Zhao,
  • Qianguang Yang,
  • Weijie Ding,
  • Zhipeng Kan,
  • Changduk Yang,
  • Jing Li,
  • Shirong Lu

摘要

Solid additives (SAs) improve organic solar cells (OSCs) morphology and performance, yet, their efficiency in all-small-molecule (ASM) OSCs is limited by strong donor-acceptor crystallinity, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, structurally resembling the MPhS-C2 donor, 3-allylrhodanine (3-AR) as a SA enables precise control over the active layer morphology. Interesting, combined theoretical calculations and thin-film morphology analyses reveal 3-AR preferentially interacts with acceptor N3, thereby directing morphology evolution. Moreover, 3-AR effectively narrows the film formation window, suppressing lateral over-aggregation and crystallization, while promoting vertical donor–acceptor homogeneity. This optimized morphology synergistically facilitates efficient charge dissociation and collection, suppresses both bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination, and extends the lifetimes of excitons and charge carriers. Therefore, the 3-AR-treated MPhS-C2:N3 device achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.43% (certified 18.16%)—the highest reported for binary ASM-OSCs. This work shows additive efficacy is governed by balanced selective interactions, not by simplistic structural similarity.