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<p><i>NF2</i>-related schwannomatosis (<i>NF2</i>-SWN) is a debilitating condition, characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs) that progressively cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Current management relies on surgery or radiotherapy, while bevacizumab (αVEGF) is used off-label, with variable and often transient efficacy. Effective therapies that durably suppress tumor growth and preserve hearing are urgently needed. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed cancer treatment, their efficacy in non-malignant tumors such as VS remains unclear. Here, we evaluate combined anti-PD1 (αPD1) and αVEGF therapy in two syngeneic, immune-competent VS models. Combination treatment significantly outperforms either monotherapy, inhibiting tumor growth and preventing hearing loss. Mechanistically, αVEGF enhances αPD1 efficacy by normalizing tumor vasculature, improving drug delivery and immune cell infiltration, and promoting cytotoxicity of T and NK cells via NKG2D upregulation. Combined treatment effectively controls tumor growth that progresses despite anti-VEGF therapy. These findings support αPD1 and αVEGF combination therapy as a promising strategy for <i>NF2</i>-SWN.</p>

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NKG2D upregulation sensitizes tumors to combined anti-PD1 and anti-VEGF therapy and prevents hearing loss

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Simeng Lu,
  • Zhenzhen Yin,
  • Limeng Wu,
  • Yao Sun,
  • Jie Chen,
  • Lai Man Natalie Wu,
  • Janet L. Oblinger,
  • Day C. Blake,
  • Bingyu Xiu,
  • Lukas D. Landegger,
  • Richard Seist,
  • William Ho,
  • Adam P. Jones,
  • Alona Muzikansky,
  • Konstantina M. Stankovic,
  • Scott R. Plotkin,
  • Long-Sheng Chang,
  • Lei Xu

摘要

NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN) is a debilitating condition, characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs) that progressively cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Current management relies on surgery or radiotherapy, while bevacizumab (αVEGF) is used off-label, with variable and often transient efficacy. Effective therapies that durably suppress tumor growth and preserve hearing are urgently needed. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed cancer treatment, their efficacy in non-malignant tumors such as VS remains unclear. Here, we evaluate combined anti-PD1 (αPD1) and αVEGF therapy in two syngeneic, immune-competent VS models. Combination treatment significantly outperforms either monotherapy, inhibiting tumor growth and preventing hearing loss. Mechanistically, αVEGF enhances αPD1 efficacy by normalizing tumor vasculature, improving drug delivery and immune cell infiltration, and promoting cytotoxicity of T and NK cells via NKG2D upregulation. Combined treatment effectively controls tumor growth that progresses despite anti-VEGF therapy. These findings support αPD1 and αVEGF combination therapy as a promising strategy for NF2-SWN.