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<p>Titanium carbide MXene (Ti₃C₂T<i>ₓ</i>) is an emerging metallic material with promise for (opto)electronics and thermal management. Yet how photoexcitation—particularly via photogenerated thermal energy—modifies its charge carrier dynamics remains poorly understood. By combining time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy and transient reflectance measurements, we reveal a long-lived, photo-induced suppression of conductivity, which we attribute to efficient lattice heating and slow heat dissipation in Ti₃C₂T<sub><i>x</i></sub>. A systematic variation of pump photon energy reveals that this ‘negative’ photoconductivity can equivalently be induced by lattice temperature increases, indicating a thermal origin. Repetition-rate-dependent transient reflectance measurements further show residual heat persisting over 100 ns, substantially longer than in conventional metals. Our work presents a unified understanding of photothermal effects in Ti₃C₂T<i>ₓ</i> and their influence on non-equilibrium charge transport, underscoring its potential for photothermal electronics and light-to-thermal energy storage applications.</p>

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Photothermal effects control ultrafast charge transport in titanium carbide MXenes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Wenhao Zheng,
  • Hugh Ramsden,
  • Stefano Ippolito,
  • Max van Hemert,
  • Danzhen Zhang,
  • Teng Zhang,
  • Dongqi Li,
  • Guanzhao Wen,
  • Jaco J. Geuchies,
  • Minghao Yu,
  • Xinliang Feng,
  • Yury Gogotsi,
  • Klaas-Jan Tielrooij,
  • Hai I. Wang

摘要

Titanium carbide MXene (Ti₃C₂Tₓ) is an emerging metallic material with promise for (opto)electronics and thermal management. Yet how photoexcitation—particularly via photogenerated thermal energy—modifies its charge carrier dynamics remains poorly understood. By combining time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy and transient reflectance measurements, we reveal a long-lived, photo-induced suppression of conductivity, which we attribute to efficient lattice heating and slow heat dissipation in Ti₃C₂Tx. A systematic variation of pump photon energy reveals that this ‘negative’ photoconductivity can equivalently be induced by lattice temperature increases, indicating a thermal origin. Repetition-rate-dependent transient reflectance measurements further show residual heat persisting over 100 ns, substantially longer than in conventional metals. Our work presents a unified understanding of photothermal effects in Ti₃C₂Tₓ and their influence on non-equilibrium charge transport, underscoring its potential for photothermal electronics and light-to-thermal energy storage applications.