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<p>Modulating hot carrier dynamics is crucial in tin halide perovskite photovoltaics, particularly under indoor illumination with limited photon flux. Herein, a fullerene derivative bearing four piperazine groups (denoted as TPPC) is synthesized to engineer the perovskite/C<sub>60</sub> interface. The TPPC molecule exhibits a dipole moment of 1.97 Debye, leading to enhanced adsorption energy on perovskite surface and robust interfacial interaction. The newly formed surface dipole optimizes the interfacial energy level alignment via a cascade gradient, enabling modulation of interfacial hot carrier dynamics. Consequently, TPPC-treated photovoltaic devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.49% and a maximum output power density (<i>P</i><sub>out</sub>) of 64.1 μW cm<sup>-2</sup> under white light-emitting diode illumination (3000 K, 1000 lux, 285 μW cm<sup>-2</sup>). Large-area (1.21 cm<sup>2</sup>) devices attain a PCE of 17.94% (certified: 15.93%) and a maximum <i>P</i><sub>out</sub> of 51.2 μW cm<sup>-2</sup> under the same illumination conditions.</p>

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Interfacial engineering via dipolar fullerene derivative for efficient tin halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Hongbin Xiao,
  • Enhao Cui,
  • Junfang Wang,
  • Tianhua Liu,
  • Xiaofang Wei,
  • Junjie Huang,
  • Muhammad Abdel-Shakour,
  • Jie Li,
  • Chunru Wang,
  • Zonglong Zhu,
  • Xiangyue Meng

摘要

Modulating hot carrier dynamics is crucial in tin halide perovskite photovoltaics, particularly under indoor illumination with limited photon flux. Herein, a fullerene derivative bearing four piperazine groups (denoted as TPPC) is synthesized to engineer the perovskite/C60 interface. The TPPC molecule exhibits a dipole moment of 1.97 Debye, leading to enhanced adsorption energy on perovskite surface and robust interfacial interaction. The newly formed surface dipole optimizes the interfacial energy level alignment via a cascade gradient, enabling modulation of interfacial hot carrier dynamics. Consequently, TPPC-treated photovoltaic devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.49% and a maximum output power density (Pout) of 64.1 μW cm-2 under white light-emitting diode illumination (3000 K, 1000 lux, 285 μW cm-2). Large-area (1.21 cm2) devices attain a PCE of 17.94% (certified: 15.93%) and a maximum Pout of 51.2 μW cm-2 under the same illumination conditions.