<p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a progressive autoimmune condition that culminates in loss of insulin-producing beta cells. Pancreatic histopathology provides essential insights into disease initiation/progression yet an integrated perspective onto in situ pathogenic processes is lacking. Here, we combined multiplexed immunostaining, high-magnification whole-slide imaging, digital pathology, and semi-automated image analyses to interrogate pancreatic tail and head sections across T1D stages, including at-risk and at-onset cases. Deconvolution of architectural features, endocrine cell composition, immune cell burden, and spatial relations of ~25,000 islets effectively contextualizes previously established and additional pancreatic hallmarks in health and T1D. Our results reveal a spatially homogenous and islet size-contingent architectural organization of the endocrine pancreas, a notable coordination of organ-wide pathogenic processes, and multiple histopathological correlates that foreshadow distinctive T1D histopathology already at the preclinical stage. Altogether, we propose a revised natural history of T1D with implications for further histopathological investigations and considerations of pathogenetic modalities.</p>

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Integrated histopathology of the human pancreas throughout stages of type 1 diabetes progression

  • Verena van der Heide,
  • Sara McArdle,
  • Michael S. Nelson,
  • Karen Cerosaletti,
  • Sacha Gnjatic,
  • Zbigniew Mikulski,
  • Amanda L. Posgai,
  • Irina Kusmartseva,
  • Mark A. Atkinson,
  • Dirk Homann

摘要

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a progressive autoimmune condition that culminates in loss of insulin-producing beta cells. Pancreatic histopathology provides essential insights into disease initiation/progression yet an integrated perspective onto in situ pathogenic processes is lacking. Here, we combined multiplexed immunostaining, high-magnification whole-slide imaging, digital pathology, and semi-automated image analyses to interrogate pancreatic tail and head sections across T1D stages, including at-risk and at-onset cases. Deconvolution of architectural features, endocrine cell composition, immune cell burden, and spatial relations of ~25,000 islets effectively contextualizes previously established and additional pancreatic hallmarks in health and T1D. Our results reveal a spatially homogenous and islet size-contingent architectural organization of the endocrine pancreas, a notable coordination of organ-wide pathogenic processes, and multiple histopathological correlates that foreshadow distinctive T1D histopathology already at the preclinical stage. Altogether, we propose a revised natural history of T1D with implications for further histopathological investigations and considerations of pathogenetic modalities.