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<p>Scalable coating methods are indispensable for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. However, fundamental divergences in crystallization dynamics hinder the direct adaptation of spin-coating optimization strategies. Furthermore, the limited understanding of crystallization control under scalable conditions constrains the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films. Herein, we identify the solvent-precursor interaction time (<i>τ</i><sub>int</sub>) as the critical, yet previously overlooked, kinetic parameter governing film quality in scalable processes. We demonstrate the prolonged <i>τ</i><sub>int</sub> inherent to blade coating stabilizes solvent-adduct phases, increases solvent retention, and ultimately degrades film crystallinity. To resolve this, we introduce a dynamic coordination competition strategy that modulates the precursor coordination equilibrium, thereby effectively shortening <i>τ</i><sub>int</sub> and yielding high-crystallinity films with enhanced phase purity. Consequently, the blade-coated devices deliver power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 26.5% (0.0665 cm<sup>2</sup>) and 22.9% (728.0 cm<sup>2</sup>). Our findings provide a kinetic knob for crystallization control and establish a robust protocol for large-area manufacturing of high-quality perovskite films.</p>

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Suppressing solvent adducts via coordination competition enables scalable perovskite photovoltaics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Lu Jin,
  • Shaochen Zhang,
  • Jingjing Zhou,
  • Shenglong Chu,
  • Xiaonan Wang,
  • Zihan Yan,
  • Xiaohe Miao,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Qingqing Liu,
  • Huazheng Li,
  • Jiazhe Xu,
  • Xu Zhang,
  • Ke Zhao,
  • Donger Jin,
  • Yizhou Zhu,
  • Feng Gao,
  • Jingjing Xue,
  • Rui Wang

摘要

Scalable coating methods are indispensable for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. However, fundamental divergences in crystallization dynamics hinder the direct adaptation of spin-coating optimization strategies. Furthermore, the limited understanding of crystallization control under scalable conditions constrains the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films. Herein, we identify the solvent-precursor interaction time (τint) as the critical, yet previously overlooked, kinetic parameter governing film quality in scalable processes. We demonstrate the prolonged τint inherent to blade coating stabilizes solvent-adduct phases, increases solvent retention, and ultimately degrades film crystallinity. To resolve this, we introduce a dynamic coordination competition strategy that modulates the precursor coordination equilibrium, thereby effectively shortening τint and yielding high-crystallinity films with enhanced phase purity. Consequently, the blade-coated devices deliver power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 26.5% (0.0665 cm2) and 22.9% (728.0 cm2). Our findings provide a kinetic knob for crystallization control and establish a robust protocol for large-area manufacturing of high-quality perovskite films.