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<p>Dryland vegetation dynamics play a fundamental role in dust mitigation. While weaker winds have driven recent dust decline in Eastern Asia, the long-term influence of vegetation remains overlooked. Here, using a physically based modeling approach that partitions the drivers of dust emissions across timescales, we reveal that surface wind dominates interannual variability, negatively correlated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. On a multidecadal scale, however, vegetation cover emerges as the key driver, reducing dust emissions by 32.5% since the early 2000s—a trend projected to continue through 2100. Without these vegetation gains, dust emissions would increase under various CMIP6 projections. Vegetation contributions are uneven: greening of perennial dryland vegetation in sparsely vegetated regions (&lt;15% cover; responsible for 95% of dust emissions) offers the greatest mitigation by stabilizing the land surface and suppressing long-term emissions. These findings highlight priority areas for ecological restoration to sustain dust reduction and advance regional sustainability goals.</p>

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Vegetation greening drives long-term dust mitigation in Eastern Asia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Yang Fu,
  • Chenglai Wu,
  • Shan Gao,
  • Josep Peñuelas,
  • J. Julio Camarero,
  • Jingtian Zhang,
  • Dou Li,
  • Xiangyu Zheng,
  • Zhuolun Li,
  • Yafeng Wang,
  • Eryuan Liang,
  • Shilong Piao

摘要

Dryland vegetation dynamics play a fundamental role in dust mitigation. While weaker winds have driven recent dust decline in Eastern Asia, the long-term influence of vegetation remains overlooked. Here, using a physically based modeling approach that partitions the drivers of dust emissions across timescales, we reveal that surface wind dominates interannual variability, negatively correlated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. On a multidecadal scale, however, vegetation cover emerges as the key driver, reducing dust emissions by 32.5% since the early 2000s—a trend projected to continue through 2100. Without these vegetation gains, dust emissions would increase under various CMIP6 projections. Vegetation contributions are uneven: greening of perennial dryland vegetation in sparsely vegetated regions (<15% cover; responsible for 95% of dust emissions) offers the greatest mitigation by stabilizing the land surface and suppressing long-term emissions. These findings highlight priority areas for ecological restoration to sustain dust reduction and advance regional sustainability goals.