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<p>Existing evidence regarding the impact of vaccination on the natural history of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections remains limited, understanding such effects is essential for optimizing cervical cancer screening in post-vaccination era. Using 10-year follow-up data from a phase 3 randomized trial of the <i>Escherichia coli</i>-produced HPV-16/18 bivalent vaccine (NCT01735006) and its extension study (NCT05045755, NCT04969445), we compared the spectra and natural history (persistence, clearance, and progression) of high-risk HPV infections between vaccinated and unvaccinated females aged 18-45 years. Data was analyzed using the Cox regression and the competing risk model. Our findings indicate that vaccination reduces the burden of HPV-16/18-associated lesions (HR = 0.12, p = 0.0041) primarily by preventing incident infections (HR = 0.45, p &lt; 0.0001) and modifying the natural history of breakthrough infections (enhancing clearance: 98.5% vs. 93.8%, p &lt; 0.0001; and attenuating progression: 1.5% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.0420). Conversely, the elevated burden of HPV-52-associated lesions (HR = 3.06, p = 0.0303) observed in the vaccine group stems mainly from altered natural history (reduced clearance: 90.3% vs. 97.9%, p = 0.0144; and increased progression: 9.7% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.0421), rather than an increase in incidence (HR = 1.09, p = 0.2669). In this work, the observed shifts in HPV infection profiles and natural history between vaccinated and unvaccinated populations suggest that cervical cancer screening recommendations may warrant adjustment for vaccinated individuals.</p>

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Variations in the Natural History of High-Risk HPV Types Following HPV-16/18 Bivalent Vaccination in Females Aged 18-45 Years

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Qi Chen,
  • Jiali Quan,
  • Kongxin Zhu,
  • Linchen Lan,
  • Jiaoxi Lu,
  • Linfeng Zhu,
  • Bin Zhang,
  • Guohua Zhong,
  • Zhaofeng Bi,
  • Shoujie Huang,
  • Yingying Su,
  • Lihui Wei,
  • Youlin Qiao,
  • Jun Zhang,
  • Ting Wu,
  • Ningshao Xia

摘要

Existing evidence regarding the impact of vaccination on the natural history of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections remains limited, understanding such effects is essential for optimizing cervical cancer screening in post-vaccination era. Using 10-year follow-up data from a phase 3 randomized trial of the Escherichia coli-produced HPV-16/18 bivalent vaccine (NCT01735006) and its extension study (NCT05045755, NCT04969445), we compared the spectra and natural history (persistence, clearance, and progression) of high-risk HPV infections between vaccinated and unvaccinated females aged 18-45 years. Data was analyzed using the Cox regression and the competing risk model. Our findings indicate that vaccination reduces the burden of HPV-16/18-associated lesions (HR = 0.12, p = 0.0041) primarily by preventing incident infections (HR = 0.45, p < 0.0001) and modifying the natural history of breakthrough infections (enhancing clearance: 98.5% vs. 93.8%, p < 0.0001; and attenuating progression: 1.5% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.0420). Conversely, the elevated burden of HPV-52-associated lesions (HR = 3.06, p = 0.0303) observed in the vaccine group stems mainly from altered natural history (reduced clearance: 90.3% vs. 97.9%, p = 0.0144; and increased progression: 9.7% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.0421), rather than an increase in incidence (HR = 1.09, p = 0.2669). In this work, the observed shifts in HPV infection profiles and natural history between vaccinated and unvaccinated populations suggest that cervical cancer screening recommendations may warrant adjustment for vaccinated individuals.