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<p>Cost- and energy-efficient long-term storage of excess solar energy remains a major bottleneck in the transition to a sustainable society. Here, we present a water-soluble redox-active copolymer containing viologen moieties that can be charged with electrons upon visible light irradiation using a tris[4,4’-bis(<i>tert</i>-butyl)−2,2’-bipyridine]ruthenium(II) complex as chromophore. In the presence of a sacrificial donor, the system achieves charging efficiencies above 80% and fully maintains this state for several days. Subsequent acidification and the addition of various catalysts enable on-demand usage of the stored electrons for proton reduction to hydrogen with up to 72% efficiency. The system further demonstrates reversibility via a simple pH switch, allowing multiple charging, storage, and catalysis cycles without time-consuming polymer isolation. The present study presents a direct on-demand hydrogen evolution method through discharging of a water-soluble polymer that functions as a temporary energy and electron storage material.</p>

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A water-soluble copolymer for storage and electron conversion in photocatalytic on-demand hydrogen evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Marco Hartkorn,
  • Robin Kampes,
  • Felix Müller,
  • Linda Zedler,
  • Akuila Edwards,
  • Philip Rohland,
  • Alexander K. Mengele,
  • Stefan Zechel,
  • Martin D. Hager,
  • Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić,
  • Michael Schmitt,
  • Jürgen Popp,
  • Ulrich S. Schubert,
  • Sven Rau

摘要

Cost- and energy-efficient long-term storage of excess solar energy remains a major bottleneck in the transition to a sustainable society. Here, we present a water-soluble redox-active copolymer containing viologen moieties that can be charged with electrons upon visible light irradiation using a tris[4,4’-bis(tert-butyl)−2,2’-bipyridine]ruthenium(II) complex as chromophore. In the presence of a sacrificial donor, the system achieves charging efficiencies above 80% and fully maintains this state for several days. Subsequent acidification and the addition of various catalysts enable on-demand usage of the stored electrons for proton reduction to hydrogen with up to 72% efficiency. The system further demonstrates reversibility via a simple pH switch, allowing multiple charging, storage, and catalysis cycles without time-consuming polymer isolation. The present study presents a direct on-demand hydrogen evolution method through discharging of a water-soluble polymer that functions as a temporary energy and electron storage material.