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<p>Synthetic rewriting technologies, encompassing large-scale DNA assembly, transfer, maintenance, and rearrangement, enabled de novo synthesis or large-scale modifications of genomes. While significant progress has been made in model organisms of viruses, bacteria, and unicellular eukaryotes, their development in mammalian cells faces unique challenges. This review summarizes key breakthroughs in synthetic rewriting technologies, including megabase (Mb)-scale assembly of human DNA, yeast-mediated transfer methods, bottom-up human artificial chromosomes (HACs), and genome-scale rearrangement, along with emerging applications in constructing models and decoding genomes for mammals. These tools will expand functional engineering in mammals and deepen mechanistic insights into complex biological systems.</p>

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Synthetic rewriting technologies in mammalian cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Yuqi Wang,
  • Yali Cui,
  • Guang-Rong Zhao,
  • Yi Wu,
  • Ying-Jin Yuan

摘要

Synthetic rewriting technologies, encompassing large-scale DNA assembly, transfer, maintenance, and rearrangement, enabled de novo synthesis or large-scale modifications of genomes. While significant progress has been made in model organisms of viruses, bacteria, and unicellular eukaryotes, their development in mammalian cells faces unique challenges. This review summarizes key breakthroughs in synthetic rewriting technologies, including megabase (Mb)-scale assembly of human DNA, yeast-mediated transfer methods, bottom-up human artificial chromosomes (HACs), and genome-scale rearrangement, along with emerging applications in constructing models and decoding genomes for mammals. These tools will expand functional engineering in mammals and deepen mechanistic insights into complex biological systems.