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<p>Radiotherapy can both activate and suppress immunity, making it difficult to predict or modulate these opposing effects for better cancer treatment. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a cellular-level radiotherapy, has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice, but mechanistically remains inadequately explored. Here, we compare the effects of BNCT with X-ray irradiation at equivalent radiation doses on immune cells and define the immunological mechanisms behind the improved therapeutic benefit of BNCT in mouse&#xa0;tumour models. We find that BNCT has a minimal effect on immune cell viability, while it triggers an immunogenic tumour cell death, ultimately inducing stronger anti-tumour immunity. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing indicates that BNCT reshapes the tumour microenvironment by enhancing dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells activity. Thus, these findings provide important insights into radiobiological mechanisms following BNCT and inform strategies to preserve immune cells during radiotherapy and to increase cancer treatment efficacy.</p>

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Boron neutron capture therapy preserves immune cells and induces robust anti-tumour immunity in preclinical mouse model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Qi Sun,
  • Yanping Zhao,
  • Simiao Qiao,
  • Kexuan Wang,
  • Chuanjie Lu,
  • Zizhu Zhang,
  • Zhibin Guo,
  • Zexuan Ding,
  • Chunhong Wang,
  • Jiyuan Li,
  • Tong Liu,
  • Zexian Zeng,
  • Zhibo Liu

摘要

Radiotherapy can both activate and suppress immunity, making it difficult to predict or modulate these opposing effects for better cancer treatment. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a cellular-level radiotherapy, has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice, but mechanistically remains inadequately explored. Here, we compare the effects of BNCT with X-ray irradiation at equivalent radiation doses on immune cells and define the immunological mechanisms behind the improved therapeutic benefit of BNCT in mouse tumour models. We find that BNCT has a minimal effect on immune cell viability, while it triggers an immunogenic tumour cell death, ultimately inducing stronger anti-tumour immunity. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing indicates that BNCT reshapes the tumour microenvironment by enhancing dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells activity. Thus, these findings provide important insights into radiobiological mechanisms following BNCT and inform strategies to preserve immune cells during radiotherapy and to increase cancer treatment efficacy.