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<p>Vernalization-regulated flowering is vital for wheat yield and geographical distribution, and the diversity of flowering time genes is essential for the breeding of climate-resilient varieties. Sugars have long been recognized in regulating flowering; however, the intrinsic connection between carbohydrate metabolism and vernalization response remains largely unexplored. Here, we identify a fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) encoding gene, <i>HtL1/FBA10</i>, as a modulator of heading time variation based on a genome-wide association study utilizing wheat core germplasm collections. Evolutionary analysis shows a decrease in the proportion of haplotype-2 of <i>HtL1</i>, which is linked to delayed flowering, in Chinese and American wheat varieties compared to landraces. Vernalization reduces HtL1/FBA10 phosphorylation levels and&#xa0; increases&#xa0; its <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation, which in turn enhances its enzymatic activity and facilitates <i>VERNALIZATION 1</i> (<i>VRN1</i>) transcription by regulating histone acetylation at&#xa0;the <i>VRN1</i> locus. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the interplay between glucose metabolism and the epigenetic regulation of vernalization in winter wheat.</p>

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O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications on HtL1/FBA10 regulate wheat vernalization for flowering

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月27日

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  • Pengfang Yang,
  • Yangyang Liu,
  • Qi Dong,
  • Yuting Miao,
  • Jianlong Zhang,
  • Shujuan Xu,
  • Hong Zhao,
  • Yuda Niu,
  • Xueyong Zhang,
  • Yunyuan Xu,
  • Zifeng Guo,
  • Lijing Xing,
  • Kang Chong

摘要

Vernalization-regulated flowering is vital for wheat yield and geographical distribution, and the diversity of flowering time genes is essential for the breeding of climate-resilient varieties. Sugars have long been recognized in regulating flowering; however, the intrinsic connection between carbohydrate metabolism and vernalization response remains largely unexplored. Here, we identify a fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) encoding gene, HtL1/FBA10, as a modulator of heading time variation based on a genome-wide association study utilizing wheat core germplasm collections. Evolutionary analysis shows a decrease in the proportion of haplotype-2 of HtL1, which is linked to delayed flowering, in Chinese and American wheat varieties compared to landraces. Vernalization reduces HtL1/FBA10 phosphorylation levels and  increases  its O-GlcNAcylation, which in turn enhances its enzymatic activity and facilitates VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1) transcription by regulating histone acetylation at the VRN1 locus. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the interplay between glucose metabolism and the epigenetic regulation of vernalization in winter wheat.