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<p>Understanding brain function and developing effective neurotherapeutics require high-resolution electrophysiologyical recording across large primate brains. To achieve this goal, minimally invasive, compact, long, and high-density&#xa0;implantable neural probes are needed. Conventional silicon-based probes, designed for rodents, cannot be directly scaled to larger brains because silicon’s brittleness restricts long, high–aspect-ratio designs. Stainless steel is a biocompatible, resilient, and less brittle alternative for making neural probes, though its microfabrication is less explored. Here, we introduce “steeltrodes”, customizable microfabricated stainless steel neural probes enabling high-density multi-layer electrode integration. We demonstrate 8 cm long, ~300 µm wide probes, featuring rigid shanks with optional flexible cables for in vivo high-resolution laminar recording from macaque auditory&#xa0;cortex. In rats, these probes can be safely implanted through intact dura with minimal cortical damage. High-fidelity recordings of single units and local field potentials in macaques highlight the potential of steeltrodes for translation to human applications, enabling both inter- and intraoperative neural recordings.</p>

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Robust minimally-invasive microfabricated stainless steel neural interfaces for high resolution recording

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Zabir Ahmed,
  • Ibrahim Kimukin,
  • Vishal Jain,
  • Kate Gurnsey,
  • Tobias Teichert,
  • Maysamreza Chamanzar

摘要

Understanding brain function and developing effective neurotherapeutics require high-resolution electrophysiologyical recording across large primate brains. To achieve this goal, minimally invasive, compact, long, and high-density implantable neural probes are needed. Conventional silicon-based probes, designed for rodents, cannot be directly scaled to larger brains because silicon’s brittleness restricts long, high–aspect-ratio designs. Stainless steel is a biocompatible, resilient, and less brittle alternative for making neural probes, though its microfabrication is less explored. Here, we introduce “steeltrodes”, customizable microfabricated stainless steel neural probes enabling high-density multi-layer electrode integration. We demonstrate 8 cm long, ~300 µm wide probes, featuring rigid shanks with optional flexible cables for in vivo high-resolution laminar recording from macaque auditory cortex. In rats, these probes can be safely implanted through intact dura with minimal cortical damage. High-fidelity recordings of single units and local field potentials in macaques highlight the potential of steeltrodes for translation to human applications, enabling both inter- and intraoperative neural recordings.