<p>The non-radiative metallic core (MC) centered lowest excited states of most ligand-stabilized metallic clusters commonly quench radiative but high-lying ligand-centered excited states, e.g. intra-ligand charge transfer (LCT), which is one of the key issues limiting efficiencies of electroluminescent (EL) clusters. Herein, we realize the desired excited state reversal in a cubic [PXZDBFDP]<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>I<sub>4</sub> (PXZDBFDP = 10-(4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)−10H-phenoxazine) modified with strongly electron-donating phenoxazine (PXZ) to strengthen donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions and enhance LCT. Consequently, its thoroughly LCT-featured first singlet (S<sub>1</sub>) and triplet (T<sub>1</sub>) excited states are energetically lower than its Cu<sub>4</sub>I<sub>4</sub>-involved excited states. This case not only increases excited-state utilization through energy transfer from non-radiative MC to radiative LCT states, but also leads to balanced dual emission of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF, 52%) and phosphorescence (PH, 48%) respectively from singlet and triplet LCT states. Therefore, compared to another congener [PhPXZDBFDP]<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>I<sub>4</sub> (PhPXZDBFDP = 10-(4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)−10H-phenylphenoxazine) with a D-π-A ligand and the normal low-lying MC states, [PXZDBFDP]<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>I<sub>4</sub> achieves sevenfold increased photoluminescence quantum yield of ~90%, and the 13-fold increased maximum EL external quantum efficiency of 35.5%, which is the record-high value for EL homo-copper clusters. These results demonstrate the feasibility of accurate excited-state optimization for clusters through ligand engineering.</p>

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Excited state reversal in copper iodide clusters enables 100% exciton radiation

  • Yushan Meng,
  • Chenglin Liu,
  • Jingjing Fei,
  • Yue Xu,
  • Yidan Wang,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Chunbo Duan,
  • Chunmiao Han,
  • Hui Xu

摘要

The non-radiative metallic core (MC) centered lowest excited states of most ligand-stabilized metallic clusters commonly quench radiative but high-lying ligand-centered excited states, e.g. intra-ligand charge transfer (LCT), which is one of the key issues limiting efficiencies of electroluminescent (EL) clusters. Herein, we realize the desired excited state reversal in a cubic [PXZDBFDP]2Cu4I4 (PXZDBFDP = 10-(4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)−10H-phenoxazine) modified with strongly electron-donating phenoxazine (PXZ) to strengthen donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions and enhance LCT. Consequently, its thoroughly LCT-featured first singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states are energetically lower than its Cu4I4-involved excited states. This case not only increases excited-state utilization through energy transfer from non-radiative MC to radiative LCT states, but also leads to balanced dual emission of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF, 52%) and phosphorescence (PH, 48%) respectively from singlet and triplet LCT states. Therefore, compared to another congener [PhPXZDBFDP]2Cu4I4 (PhPXZDBFDP = 10-(4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)−10H-phenylphenoxazine) with a D-π-A ligand and the normal low-lying MC states, [PXZDBFDP]2Cu4I4 achieves sevenfold increased photoluminescence quantum yield of ~90%, and the 13-fold increased maximum EL external quantum efficiency of 35.5%, which is the record-high value for EL homo-copper clusters. These results demonstrate the feasibility of accurate excited-state optimization for clusters through ligand engineering.