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<p>Despite the global spread of mpox virus (MPXV), the durability and breadth of infection-induced immunity remain incompletely defined. Here, we comprehensively characterize MPXV-specific antibody and T cell responses up to 18 months after natural infection in male individuals. Neutralizing antibodies exhibit typical acute viral kinetics, with titers peaking early and declining over time, from a mean of 328 at 12 months to 180 at 18 months post-infection. Neutralization analyses against MPXV clade Ib, clade IIb and VACV WR strains demonstrate pronounced cross-neutralization among orthopoxviruses, but with lineage-specific reductions in neutralization, indicating incomplete cross-reactivity across different lineages. In parallel, MPXV-specific CD4⁺ and Tfh cell responses remain robust and polyfunctional throughout follow-up, and CD8⁺ T cells maintain sustained responses characterized by cytokine production, together supporting durable cellular immunity. These findings offer critical insights into the durability and breadth of post-infection immunity, with implications for reinfection risk and orthopoxvirus vaccine strategies.</p>

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Immune profiling of mpox survivors reveals divergent durability of antibody and T cell responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Yanqun Wang,
  • Ruoxi Cai,
  • Airu Zhu,
  • Jiantao Chen,
  • Canjie Chen,
  • Lijuan Zhou,
  • Xindan Xing,
  • Qier Zhong,
  • Peilan Wei,
  • Xinxin Li,
  • Zhaoyong Zhang,
  • Yuanyuan Zhang,
  • Lei Chen,
  • Jingjing Gao,
  • Suxiang Li,
  • Xinyi Xiong,
  • Bin Qu,
  • Shuxiang Huang,
  • Zhiwei Lin,
  • Haoshi Bai,
  • Qingtao Hu,
  • Jingxian Zhao,
  • Yongxia Shi,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Pengzhe Qin,
  • Lu Zhang,
  • Jincun Zhao

摘要

Despite the global spread of mpox virus (MPXV), the durability and breadth of infection-induced immunity remain incompletely defined. Here, we comprehensively characterize MPXV-specific antibody and T cell responses up to 18 months after natural infection in male individuals. Neutralizing antibodies exhibit typical acute viral kinetics, with titers peaking early and declining over time, from a mean of 328 at 12 months to 180 at 18 months post-infection. Neutralization analyses against MPXV clade Ib, clade IIb and VACV WR strains demonstrate pronounced cross-neutralization among orthopoxviruses, but with lineage-specific reductions in neutralization, indicating incomplete cross-reactivity across different lineages. In parallel, MPXV-specific CD4⁺ and Tfh cell responses remain robust and polyfunctional throughout follow-up, and CD8⁺ T cells maintain sustained responses characterized by cytokine production, together supporting durable cellular immunity. These findings offer critical insights into the durability and breadth of post-infection immunity, with implications for reinfection risk and orthopoxvirus vaccine strategies.