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<p>Key cereal crops, including wheat, rice and maize, supply nearly 50% of the world’s caloric intake, with starch constituting over 70% of the grain weight. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying starch synthesis are poorly understood. In this study, we identify a transcription factor TaPIL1-5D, which binds to the promoters of <i>ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 1</i> (<i>TaAGPS1a−7A</i>), <i>granule-bound starch synthase I</i> (<i>TaGBSSI−4A</i>), and <i>branching enzyme II b</i> (<i>TaBEIIb-2D</i>). Similarly, its homologous OsPIL11 and ZmPIL1 also activate the expression of the <i>AGPS1</i>, <i>BEIIb</i>, and <i>GBSSI</i>, and positively regulates grain starch synthesis. <i>TaPIL1-5D</i> and <i>ZmPIL1</i> improve grain yields in two successive years. Nine alleles of <i>TaPIL1-5B</i> form three distinct haplotypes (<i>Hap1</i>-<i>3</i>), while <i>TaPIL1-5B-Hap1</i> is repressed due to its binding by the transcriptional repressor TaBZR1.1. Additionally, TaPIL1-5B interacts with TaPIL1-5D in the nucleus, enhancing its transcriptional activation. Collectively, our study enriches the starch regulatory network and provides a promising tool for improving starch content.</p>

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The bHLH transcription factor PIL1 orchestrates starch synthesis in key cereal crops

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Yanjun Meng,
  • Jiaxing Cui,
  • Wenbo Zeng,
  • Xiaopei Li,
  • Changqing Du,
  • Pengfei Wang,
  • Gezi Li,
  • Qiang Ge,
  • Tiancai Guo,
  • Guozhang Kang

摘要

Key cereal crops, including wheat, rice and maize, supply nearly 50% of the world’s caloric intake, with starch constituting over 70% of the grain weight. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying starch synthesis are poorly understood. In this study, we identify a transcription factor TaPIL1-5D, which binds to the promoters of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 1 (TaAGPS1a−7A), granule-bound starch synthase I (TaGBSSI−4A), and branching enzyme II b (TaBEIIb-2D). Similarly, its homologous OsPIL11 and ZmPIL1 also activate the expression of the AGPS1, BEIIb, and GBSSI, and positively regulates grain starch synthesis. TaPIL1-5D and ZmPIL1 improve grain yields in two successive years. Nine alleles of TaPIL1-5B form three distinct haplotypes (Hap1-3), while TaPIL1-5B-Hap1 is repressed due to its binding by the transcriptional repressor TaBZR1.1. Additionally, TaPIL1-5B interacts with TaPIL1-5D in the nucleus, enhancing its transcriptional activation. Collectively, our study enriches the starch regulatory network and provides a promising tool for improving starch content.