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<p>Reversible metal electrodeposition-based electrochromic devices (RMEDs) with broadband regulation manifest great promises as smart windows to increase building energy efficiency. However, manufacturing durable and scalable RMEDs at an agreeable cost is still challenged by the limited reversibility of interfacial plating (tinting)/stripping (bleaching). Here, we report a quasi-solid-state hydrogel electrolyte with well-tuned Cu:Zn ratio and pH values to achieve highly reversible CuZn-RMEDs. The dual-metal CuZn electrolyte ensures staged nucleation and homogeneous CuZn growth, and the appropriate pH guarantees effective stripping of CuZn metal layers, thus attaining reduced metal deposition activation energy (6.7 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>), increased coloration efficiency, large transmittance modulation (ΔT = 78% @550 nm), and excellent reversibility (ΔT retention over 90% after 3000 cycles). In addition, the quasi-solid-state hydrogel matrix with abundant molecular chains can inhibit strong hydrogen bonds in aqueous electrolyte, achieving anti-freezing (−20°C) and leakage-free CuZn-RMEDs with fast switching kinetics (coloration time t<sub>c</sub> = 15.0 s, bleaching time t<sub>b</sub> = 24.0 s), extended memory effect, efficient thermal insulation, and effective reusability (2000 cycles) of both the transparent conductor and hydrogel electrolyte. The as-assembled CuZn-RMEDs manifest 18% to 33% energy saving across different climatic regions. This quasi-solid-state CuZn-RMED is a successful embodiment of cost-effective and durable electrochromic smart windows towards increasing buildings’ energy efficiency.</p>

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Recyclable quasi-solid-state dynamic windows via reversible dual-metal electrodeposition for building energy modulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Bing Xu,
  • Wenting Wu,
  • Yingxin Zhang,
  • Chenglong Qiu,
  • Yue Zhu,
  • Jingyi Wu,
  • Weiqian Tian,
  • Minghua Huang,
  • Huanlei Wang,
  • Pooi See Lee,
  • Jingwei Chen

摘要

Reversible metal electrodeposition-based electrochromic devices (RMEDs) with broadband regulation manifest great promises as smart windows to increase building energy efficiency. However, manufacturing durable and scalable RMEDs at an agreeable cost is still challenged by the limited reversibility of interfacial plating (tinting)/stripping (bleaching). Here, we report a quasi-solid-state hydrogel electrolyte with well-tuned Cu:Zn ratio and pH values to achieve highly reversible CuZn-RMEDs. The dual-metal CuZn electrolyte ensures staged nucleation and homogeneous CuZn growth, and the appropriate pH guarantees effective stripping of CuZn metal layers, thus attaining reduced metal deposition activation energy (6.7 kJ mol-1), increased coloration efficiency, large transmittance modulation (ΔT = 78% @550 nm), and excellent reversibility (ΔT retention over 90% after 3000 cycles). In addition, the quasi-solid-state hydrogel matrix with abundant molecular chains can inhibit strong hydrogen bonds in aqueous electrolyte, achieving anti-freezing (−20°C) and leakage-free CuZn-RMEDs with fast switching kinetics (coloration time tc = 15.0 s, bleaching time tb = 24.0 s), extended memory effect, efficient thermal insulation, and effective reusability (2000 cycles) of both the transparent conductor and hydrogel electrolyte. The as-assembled CuZn-RMEDs manifest 18% to 33% energy saving across different climatic regions. This quasi-solid-state CuZn-RMED is a successful embodiment of cost-effective and durable electrochromic smart windows towards increasing buildings’ energy efficiency.