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<p>Global food security requires sustainable strategies to improve crop yield and nutrition. Although thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of vitamin B1, plays a central role in energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and carbon assimilation, its contribution to crop yield and quality remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that <i>ZmTPK2</i>, a thiamine pyrophosphokinase encoded by the major ear length QTL <i>qKB6.2a</i>, is a key regulator of maize yield. We reveal that <i>ZmTPK2</i>-dependent TPP homeostasis synchronizes three cornerstones of plant metabolism: mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, chloroplast-mediated carbon fixation, and nitrogen utilization. Both overexpression and knockout of <i>ZmTPK2</i> disrupt yield and grain quality, revealing that optimal TPP levels are required for productivity. Exogenous TPP supplementation increases grain yield in maize, rice, and rapeseed up to 9.8%. These findings identify TPP metabolism as a key regulatory pathway for metabolic engineering, biofortification, and global food security solutions.</p>

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Optimizing thiamine pyrophosphate metabolism enhances crop yield and quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

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  • Yun Luo,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Jie Liu,
  • Xiaojing Liu,
  • Huinan Li,
  • Yu Wu,
  • Junli Zhao,
  • Yuebin Wang,
  • Wenjie Fang,
  • Liumei Jian,
  • Lin Zhuo,
  • Wenqiang Li,
  • Junpeng Zhan,
  • Alisdair R. Fernie,
  • Jianbing Yan

摘要

Global food security requires sustainable strategies to improve crop yield and nutrition. Although thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of vitamin B1, plays a central role in energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and carbon assimilation, its contribution to crop yield and quality remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that ZmTPK2, a thiamine pyrophosphokinase encoded by the major ear length QTL qKB6.2a, is a key regulator of maize yield. We reveal that ZmTPK2-dependent TPP homeostasis synchronizes three cornerstones of plant metabolism: mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, chloroplast-mediated carbon fixation, and nitrogen utilization. Both overexpression and knockout of ZmTPK2 disrupt yield and grain quality, revealing that optimal TPP levels are required for productivity. Exogenous TPP supplementation increases grain yield in maize, rice, and rapeseed up to 9.8%. These findings identify TPP metabolism as a key regulatory pathway for metabolic engineering, biofortification, and global food security solutions.