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<p>The broad-spectrum herbicide L-phosphinothricin (PPT) irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. Here we present cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) as mediators of PPT accumulation and susceptibility. Comparative analysis of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i>, rice, and <i>Klebsormidium nitens</i> reveals conserved responses to GS inhibition, with absence of efficient PPT uptake underlying resistance in <i>M. polymorpha</i>. Transcriptomic analysis identifies four candidate transporters in <i>A. thaliana</i> which, when overexpressed in <i>M. polymorpha</i>, confer varying levels of sensitivity corresponding with PPT accumulation. AtCAT1 and AtCAT5 confer the greatest sensitivities and are required for glutamic acid uptake and endogenous nitrogen metabolism in <i>A. thaliana</i>, and PPT susceptibility. Molecular dynamics simulation of AtCAT5 identifies key residues involved in PPT binding, which induce the rotational flexibility of helices H1 and H6 which form an intracellular access tunnel. These findings highlight the natural diversity underlying PPT accumulation and susceptibility, which can guide herbicide resistance management strategies.</p>

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Cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) enhance accumulation and susceptibility to the systemic herbicide L-phosphinothricin

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Grace Zi Hao Tan,
  • Herrick Yu Kan Koh,
  • Zheng Yong Poh,
  • Yuri Trusov,
  • Shalini Krishnamoorthi,
  • Kasey Goh,
  • Célio Cabral Oliveira,
  • José Ramón Botella,
  • Daisuke Urano

摘要

The broad-spectrum herbicide L-phosphinothricin (PPT) irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. Here we present cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) as mediators of PPT accumulation and susceptibility. Comparative analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana, Marchantia polymorpha, rice, and Klebsormidium nitens reveals conserved responses to GS inhibition, with absence of efficient PPT uptake underlying resistance in M. polymorpha. Transcriptomic analysis identifies four candidate transporters in A. thaliana which, when overexpressed in M. polymorpha, confer varying levels of sensitivity corresponding with PPT accumulation. AtCAT1 and AtCAT5 confer the greatest sensitivities and are required for glutamic acid uptake and endogenous nitrogen metabolism in A. thaliana, and PPT susceptibility. Molecular dynamics simulation of AtCAT5 identifies key residues involved in PPT binding, which induce the rotational flexibility of helices H1 and H6 which form an intracellular access tunnel. These findings highlight the natural diversity underlying PPT accumulation and susceptibility, which can guide herbicide resistance management strategies.