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<p>Forming single-photon emitters (SPEs) in insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has sparked wide interests in the quantum photonics. Despite significant progress, it remains challenging to deterministically create SPEs at precise locations with a specific type of element for creating defects. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to generate site-deterministic carbon-functionalized quantum emitters in hBN by harnessing ultrasonic nanoindentation. The obtained SPEs are high-quality and can be scaled up to large arrays in a single fabrication step. Comprehensive experimental analyses reveal that the insertion of carbon atoms into the hBN lattice is the source of the robust quantum emission. Complementary theoretical studies suggest possible candidates for the structural origin of the defects based on our experimental results. This rapid and scalable nanoindentation method provides a new way to create SPE arrays with specific types of atoms, enabling the comprehensive investigation of the origins and mechanics of SPE formations in two-dimensional (2D) materials and beyond.</p>

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Deterministic formation of carbon-functionalized quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Manlin Luo,
  • Junyu Ge,
  • Pengru Huang,
  • Yi Yu,
  • In Cheol Seo,
  • Kunze Lu,
  • Hao Sun,
  • Jian Kwang Tan,
  • Beng Kang Tay,
  • Sejeong Kim,
  • Weibo Gao,
  • Hong Li,
  • Donguk Nam

摘要

Forming single-photon emitters (SPEs) in insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has sparked wide interests in the quantum photonics. Despite significant progress, it remains challenging to deterministically create SPEs at precise locations with a specific type of element for creating defects. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to generate site-deterministic carbon-functionalized quantum emitters in hBN by harnessing ultrasonic nanoindentation. The obtained SPEs are high-quality and can be scaled up to large arrays in a single fabrication step. Comprehensive experimental analyses reveal that the insertion of carbon atoms into the hBN lattice is the source of the robust quantum emission. Complementary theoretical studies suggest possible candidates for the structural origin of the defects based on our experimental results. This rapid and scalable nanoindentation method provides a new way to create SPE arrays with specific types of atoms, enabling the comprehensive investigation of the origins and mechanics of SPE formations in two-dimensional (2D) materials and beyond.