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<p>We propose and demonstrate a multi-stage power-to-water (MSP2W) battery that synergizes flexible energy storage and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) to address renewable energy intermittency and freshwater scarcity simultaneously. This system integrates high-temperature magnesium oxide-based thermal energy storage (TES) with a modular multi-stage AWH device, using a Reline-based ternary solution to enhance sorption kinetics and enable efficient scalability. The multi-stage AWH configuration, with up to three stages, enhances water production by 51%, reducing energy consumption by 26%, consistent with theoretical analysis. The MSP2W prototype achieves daily water production of 3060 g, fully meeting an adult’s demand. The specific energy consumption is as low as 1.13 kWh kg<sup>-‍1</sup>, outperforming existing active AWH systems. The niche area of MSP2W is identified, even competing with desalination costs (&lt;20 USD ton<sup>-1</sup> of optimal levelized cost of water). The system demonstrates scalability and cost-effectiveness, with the potential to fully mitigate water scarcity in regions with high renewable energy surpluses.</p>

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Multi-stage power-to-water battery synergizes flexible energy storage and efficient atmospheric water harvesting

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Haosheng Lin,
  • Yan Song,
  • Zhixiong Ding,
  • Yunren Sui,
  • Zengguang Sui,
  • Fuxiang Li,
  • Jia Zhu,
  • Wei Wu

摘要

We propose and demonstrate a multi-stage power-to-water (MSP2W) battery that synergizes flexible energy storage and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) to address renewable energy intermittency and freshwater scarcity simultaneously. This system integrates high-temperature magnesium oxide-based thermal energy storage (TES) with a modular multi-stage AWH device, using a Reline-based ternary solution to enhance sorption kinetics and enable efficient scalability. The multi-stage AWH configuration, with up to three stages, enhances water production by 51%, reducing energy consumption by 26%, consistent with theoretical analysis. The MSP2W prototype achieves daily water production of 3060 g, fully meeting an adult’s demand. The specific energy consumption is as low as 1.13 kWh kg-‍1, outperforming existing active AWH systems. The niche area of MSP2W is identified, even competing with desalination costs (<20 USD ton-1 of optimal levelized cost of water). The system demonstrates scalability and cost-effectiveness, with the potential to fully mitigate water scarcity in regions with high renewable energy surpluses.