<p>Ultrafast spatiotemporal vortex pulses constitute a category within spatiotemporal topological waves. Nevertheless, the experimental realization of helical pulses—single- or few-cycle short vortex pulses characterized by space-time nonseparability—remains elusive to date. Here, we introduce two complementary methods for experimentally generating such space-time nonseparable helical pulses (SNHPs) in the optical and microwave spectral regimes. We achieve few-cycle quasi-linearly polarized SNHPs by decomposing the optical toroidal pulses into their polarization components. We also generated single-cycle non-transverse SNHPs directly from a microwave ultrawideband spiral emitter. These approaches enable the experimental realization of SNHPs and provide a platform for further investigation into their properties and applications, such as nontrivial light-matter interactions and optical communications.</p>

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Observation of helical pulses

  • Ren Wang,
  • Shuai Shi,
  • Zeyi Zhang,
  • Bing-Zhong Wang,
  • Nilo Mata-Cervera,
  • Miguel A. Porras,
  • Yijie Shen

摘要

Ultrafast spatiotemporal vortex pulses constitute a category within spatiotemporal topological waves. Nevertheless, the experimental realization of helical pulses—single- or few-cycle short vortex pulses characterized by space-time nonseparability—remains elusive to date. Here, we introduce two complementary methods for experimentally generating such space-time nonseparable helical pulses (SNHPs) in the optical and microwave spectral regimes. We achieve few-cycle quasi-linearly polarized SNHPs by decomposing the optical toroidal pulses into their polarization components. We also generated single-cycle non-transverse SNHPs directly from a microwave ultrawideband spiral emitter. These approaches enable the experimental realization of SNHPs and provide a platform for further investigation into their properties and applications, such as nontrivial light-matter interactions and optical communications.