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<p>Zygotic genome activation is tightly associated with the modulation of chromatin accessibility via maternal transcription factors. Understanding how chromatin accessibility is established and identifying key maternal regulators are crucial to comprehending this process. Here, by developing CANTAC-seq, we generate a genome-wide map of accessible chromatin of early <i>Xenopus tropicalis</i> embryos and find that the open chromatin landscape is progressively established at <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements during zygotic genome activation. Based on the motif analysis and perturbation experiments, we demonstrate that E2f1 maintains a repressive chromatin environment and inhibits zygotic gene transcription before the mid-blastula transition. Moreover, we identify that Otx1, another maternal transcriptional activator, coordinates with E2f1 in regulating chromatin accessibility and zygotic genome activation. Together, E2f1 and Otx1 determine the timely expression of a subset of genes required for zygotic gene transcription and germ layer differentiation.</p>

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CANTAC-seq analysis reveals E2f1 and Otx1 coordinate zygotic genome activation in Xenopus tropicalis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Huanhuan Cui,
  • Weizheng Liang,
  • Zhaoying Shi,
  • Luming Zhang,
  • Guipeng Li,
  • Rui Chen,
  • Chi Tian,
  • Diwen Gan,
  • Xinyao Shi,
  • Zhiyuan Sun,
  • Qionghua Zhu,
  • Liang Fang,
  • Hongda Huang,
  • Yuhui Hu,
  • Yonglong Chen,
  • Wei Chen

摘要

Zygotic genome activation is tightly associated with the modulation of chromatin accessibility via maternal transcription factors. Understanding how chromatin accessibility is established and identifying key maternal regulators are crucial to comprehending this process. Here, by developing CANTAC-seq, we generate a genome-wide map of accessible chromatin of early Xenopus tropicalis embryos and find that the open chromatin landscape is progressively established at cis-regulatory elements during zygotic genome activation. Based on the motif analysis and perturbation experiments, we demonstrate that E2f1 maintains a repressive chromatin environment and inhibits zygotic gene transcription before the mid-blastula transition. Moreover, we identify that Otx1, another maternal transcriptional activator, coordinates with E2f1 in regulating chromatin accessibility and zygotic genome activation. Together, E2f1 and Otx1 determine the timely expression of a subset of genes required for zygotic gene transcription and germ layer differentiation.