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<p>Optical encryption provides strong physical-layer security but is limited by the slow response of spatial light modulators. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a spatiotemporal noise chaffing system inspired by the “chaffing and winnowing” principle for ultrahigh-speed temporal encryption. By exploiting the symmetric spatial properties and orthogonality of conjugated orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, high-speed temporal signals (“wheat”) and spatial noise (“chaff”) are simultaneously encoded. This mechanism suppresses information leakage by degrading the temporal signal-to-noise ratio while enabling authorized recovery. Furthermore, a variable-weight multimodal OAM (VW-multimodal OAM) scheme combined with a multimodal generation neural network (MGNN) exponentially expands the key space beyond 10¹⁰. Experimentally, a record secure transmission rate of 1.25 Tbps per mode is achieved in an eight-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed coherent link. The product of rate and key space surpasses existing methods by five orders of magnitude, establishing a new photonic-security paradigm for future ultrafast and secure communication networks.</p>

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Ultrahigh-speed optical encryption enabled by spatiotemporal noise chaffing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Jianyang Shi,
  • Chaoxu Chen,
  • Haoyu Zhang,
  • Penghao Luo,
  • Yuan Wei,
  • Fang Dong,
  • Ziwei Li,
  • Chao Shen,
  • Haiwen Cai,
  • Junwen Zhang,
  • Xinyuan Fang,
  • Nan Chi,
  • Min Gu

摘要

Optical encryption provides strong physical-layer security but is limited by the slow response of spatial light modulators. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a spatiotemporal noise chaffing system inspired by the “chaffing and winnowing” principle for ultrahigh-speed temporal encryption. By exploiting the symmetric spatial properties and orthogonality of conjugated orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, high-speed temporal signals (“wheat”) and spatial noise (“chaff”) are simultaneously encoded. This mechanism suppresses information leakage by degrading the temporal signal-to-noise ratio while enabling authorized recovery. Furthermore, a variable-weight multimodal OAM (VW-multimodal OAM) scheme combined with a multimodal generation neural network (MGNN) exponentially expands the key space beyond 10¹⁰. Experimentally, a record secure transmission rate of 1.25 Tbps per mode is achieved in an eight-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed coherent link. The product of rate and key space surpasses existing methods by five orders of magnitude, establishing a new photonic-security paradigm for future ultrafast and secure communication networks.