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<p>Bow shock, where the solar wind first encounters the Martian environment, reflects the complex interplay between the solar wind and Martian upper atmosphere and crustal fields. However, a comprehensive understanding of Martian bow shock dynamics remains elusive due to limited multi-spacecraft observations. Here, leveraging the joint observations from China’s Tianwen-1 and NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), we reveal Martian bow shock oscillations with a temporal scale of minutes and spatial extents of hundreds of kilometers during weakly disturbed solar wind. Our analysis of the observations along with three-dimensional simulations suggests that magnetosonic Mach number is the most sensitive parameter influencing the bow shock, and a slow solar wind stream that favors low Mach numbers may lead to the large-scale bow shock oscillations and the whole Martian space environment. This finding advances our understanding of the interactions between the solar wind and non-magnetized planets.</p>

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Bow shock oscillations of Mars under weakly disturbed solar wind conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Long Cheng,
  • Yuming Wang,
  • Yingjuan Ma,
  • Robert Lillis,
  • Jasper Halekas,
  • Benoit Langlais,
  • Tielong Zhang,
  • Aibing Zhang,
  • Guoqiang Wang,
  • Sudong Xiao,
  • Zhuxuan Zou,
  • Yutian Chi,
  • Xinjun Hao,
  • Yiren Li,
  • Zonghao Pan,
  • Kai Liu

摘要

Bow shock, where the solar wind first encounters the Martian environment, reflects the complex interplay between the solar wind and Martian upper atmosphere and crustal fields. However, a comprehensive understanding of Martian bow shock dynamics remains elusive due to limited multi-spacecraft observations. Here, leveraging the joint observations from China’s Tianwen-1 and NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), we reveal Martian bow shock oscillations with a temporal scale of minutes and spatial extents of hundreds of kilometers during weakly disturbed solar wind. Our analysis of the observations along with three-dimensional simulations suggests that magnetosonic Mach number is the most sensitive parameter influencing the bow shock, and a slow solar wind stream that favors low Mach numbers may lead to the large-scale bow shock oscillations and the whole Martian space environment. This finding advances our understanding of the interactions between the solar wind and non-magnetized planets.