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<p>Natural variations provide valuable genetic resources for improving rice grain number per panicle (GNP). Here, our genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies GNP2 and GNP5 as key regulators of GNP that enhance rice yield. <i>GNP5</i> encodes a bZIP transcription factor binding to the S5779181 locus in the <i>GNP2</i> promoter, where natural variation significantly influences GNP. <i>GNP2</i> encodes a conserved GSK3-like kinase that phosphorylates and stabilizes Gnp4/LAX2. The phosphorylated Gnp4/LAX2<sup>T175,262D</sup> promotes yield by modulating transcription factors involved in panicle development. Haplotype analysis reveals an elite allele combination (Type I) of <i>GNP5</i> and <i>GNP2</i> that significantly increases GNP. Field trials demonstrate that enhanced <i>GNP2</i> expression raises yield by approximately 10%. Our findings thus uncover a genetic resource with application potential for enhancing rice yield.</p>

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Natural variation of GNP2 enhances grain number to benefit rice yield

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Qianfeng Hu,
  • Zhikun Zhao,
  • Lingling Ma,
  • Haijian Xia,
  • Zhiqi Ma,
  • Penghui Xu,
  • Xianpeng Wang,
  • Rui Zhu,
  • Yong Zhao,
  • Haifeng Guo,
  • Xiaoyang Zhu,
  • Yawen Zeng,
  • Yinghua Pan,
  • Danting Li,
  • Xingming Sun,
  • Jinjie Li,
  • Hongliang Zhang,
  • Zichao Li,
  • Zhanying Zhang

摘要

Natural variations provide valuable genetic resources for improving rice grain number per panicle (GNP). Here, our genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies GNP2 and GNP5 as key regulators of GNP that enhance rice yield. GNP5 encodes a bZIP transcription factor binding to the S5779181 locus in the GNP2 promoter, where natural variation significantly influences GNP. GNP2 encodes a conserved GSK3-like kinase that phosphorylates and stabilizes Gnp4/LAX2. The phosphorylated Gnp4/LAX2T175,262D promotes yield by modulating transcription factors involved in panicle development. Haplotype analysis reveals an elite allele combination (Type I) of GNP5 and GNP2 that significantly increases GNP. Field trials demonstrate that enhanced GNP2 expression raises yield by approximately 10%. Our findings thus uncover a genetic resource with application potential for enhancing rice yield.