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<p>Oxidative catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene (PS) can produce benzoic acid, but the annual consumption of benzoic acid is ~40 times lower than PS. For this catalytic oxidation method to be a viable means to manage PS waste, benzoic acid should be converted to higher-volume chemicals. We demonstrate a hybrid chemical and biological process that uses PS as feedstock for production of adipic acid, a high-volume co-monomer for nylon 6,6 via benzoic acid. Mn/Br co-catalyzed autoxidation of PS to benzoic acid proceeds with a yield of up to 94% in a solvent mixture of benzoic acid and water. The PS-derived benzoic acid undergoes bioconversion at near-quantitative yield to muconic acid, which is readily converted to adipic acid through catalytic hydrogenation. Process modeling, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment estimate an adipic acid minimum selling price of $3.18/kg, with a 61% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions relative to production from fossil fuels.</p>

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Upcycling waste polystyrene to adipic acid through a hybrid chemical and biological process

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Hyunjin Moon,
  • Jason S. DesVeaux,
  • Elisabeth C. Van Roijen,
  • Christine A. Singer,
  • Hannah M. Alt,
  • Mikhail O. Konev,
  • Clarissa Lincoln,
  • Young-Saeng C. Avina,
  • Nicolette R. Meyer,
  • Stefan J. Haugen,
  • Hyeongeon Lee,
  • Kwangjin An,
  • Joel Miscall,
  • Kelsey J. Ramirez,
  • Christopher W. Johnson,
  • Davinia Salvachúa,
  • Bruno C. Klein,
  • Taylor Uekert,
  • Allison Z. Werner,
  • Shannon S. Stahl,
  • Gregg T. Beckham

摘要

Oxidative catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene (PS) can produce benzoic acid, but the annual consumption of benzoic acid is ~40 times lower than PS. For this catalytic oxidation method to be a viable means to manage PS waste, benzoic acid should be converted to higher-volume chemicals. We demonstrate a hybrid chemical and biological process that uses PS as feedstock for production of adipic acid, a high-volume co-monomer for nylon 6,6 via benzoic acid. Mn/Br co-catalyzed autoxidation of PS to benzoic acid proceeds with a yield of up to 94% in a solvent mixture of benzoic acid and water. The PS-derived benzoic acid undergoes bioconversion at near-quantitative yield to muconic acid, which is readily converted to adipic acid through catalytic hydrogenation. Process modeling, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment estimate an adipic acid minimum selling price of $3.18/kg, with a 61% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions relative to production from fossil fuels.