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<p>The Southern Ocean (SO) is a major contributor to global ocean heat uptake, exhibiting deep-reaching warming trends within the 35°S-55°S band. Here, we reveal a notable inter-basin contrast in the SO warming rates. Over the past six decades, the warming of the 0-700 m Atlantic-Indian sector was 40.0 ± 5.7% faster than the Pacific sector, nearly doubling at ~44°S. Ocean-only and coupled model experiments suggest that this basin-scale contrast arises from alterations in wind-driven heat redistribution rather than surface heating. Specifically, the intensification and poleward migration of westerly winds are more prominent in the Atlantic-Indian sector, leading to stronger upper-layer heat convergence. The inter-basin warming contrast is projected to persist and amplify throughout the remainder of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. This study highlights the inter-basin contrast in the past and future SO warming, with useful implications for understanding regional changes in the SO climate, ice mass, and marine ecosystems.</p>

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Inter-basin contrast in the Southern Ocean warming

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Yuanyuan Song,
  • Yuanlong Li,
  • Gaël Forget,
  • Aixue Hu,
  • Qian Li,
  • Jia-Rui Shi,
  • Xiaodan Chen,
  • Kai Ge,
  • Fan Wang

摘要

The Southern Ocean (SO) is a major contributor to global ocean heat uptake, exhibiting deep-reaching warming trends within the 35°S-55°S band. Here, we reveal a notable inter-basin contrast in the SO warming rates. Over the past six decades, the warming of the 0-700 m Atlantic-Indian sector was 40.0 ± 5.7% faster than the Pacific sector, nearly doubling at ~44°S. Ocean-only and coupled model experiments suggest that this basin-scale contrast arises from alterations in wind-driven heat redistribution rather than surface heating. Specifically, the intensification and poleward migration of westerly winds are more prominent in the Atlantic-Indian sector, leading to stronger upper-layer heat convergence. The inter-basin warming contrast is projected to persist and amplify throughout the remainder of the 21st century. This study highlights the inter-basin contrast in the past and future SO warming, with useful implications for understanding regional changes in the SO climate, ice mass, and marine ecosystems.